401567-76-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
New hybrid trifluoromethylquinolines as antiplasmodium agents
da Silva, Renata M.R.J.,Gandi, Marilia O.,Mendon?a, Jorge S.,Carvalho, Alcione S.,Coutinho, Julia Penna,Aguiar, Anna C.C.,Krettli, Antoniana U.,Boechat, Nubia
, p. 1002 - 1008 (2019/02/13)
Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide, and it is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. Resistance to current antimalarial drugs has been identified, and new drugs are urgently needed. In this study, we designed and synthesized seventeen novel quinolines based on the structures of mefloquine ((2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl)(piperidin-2-yl)methanol) and amodiaquine (4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenol) using ring bioisosteric replacement and molecular hybridization of the functional groups. The compounds were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in mice infected with P. berghei. All derivatives presented anti-P. falciparum activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.083 to 33.0 μM. The compound with the best anti-P. falciparum activity was N-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-amine (12) which showed an IC50 of 0.083 μM. The three most active compounds were selected for antimalarial activity tests against P. berghei-infected mice. Compound 12 was the most active on the 5th day after infection, reducing parasitemia by 66%, which is consistent with its in vitro activity. This is an important result as 12, a simpler molecule than mefloquine, does not contain the stereogenic center, and consequently, its synthesis in the laboratory is easier and less expensive. This system proved promising for the design of potential antimalarial compounds.
Arylpiperazines displaying preferential potency against chloroquine-resistant strains of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Molyneaux, Carrie-Anne,Krugliak, Miriam,Ginsburg, Hagai,Chibale, Kelly
, p. 61 - 68 (2007/10/03)
Arylpiperazines in which the terminal secondary amino group is unsubstituted were found to display a mefloquine-type antimalarial behavior in being significantly more potent against the chloroquine-resistant (W2 and FCR3) strains of Plasmodium falciparum than against the chloroquine-sensitive (D10 and NF54) strains. Substitution of the aforementioned amino group led to a dramatic drop in activity across all strains as well as abolition of the preferential potency against resistant strains that was observed for the unsubstituted counterparts. The data suggest that unsubstituted arylpiperazines are not well-recognized by the chloroquine resistance mechanism and may imply that they act mechanistically differently from chloroquine. On the other hand, 4-aminoquinoline-based heteroarylpiperazines in which the terminal secondary amino group is also unsubstituted, were found to be equally active against the chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains, suggesting that chloroquine cross-resistance is not observed with these two 4-aminoquinolines. In contrast, two 4-aminoquinoline-based heteroarylpiperazines are positively recognized by the chloroquine resistance mechanism. These studies provide structural features that determine the antimalarial activity of arylpiperazines for further development, particularly against chloroquine-resistant strains.
