41857-27-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers
OpdA, a bacterial organophosphorus hydrolase, prevents lethality in rats after poisoning with highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides
Bird, Steven B.,Sutherland, Tara D.,Gresham, Chip,Oakeshott, John,Scott, Colin,Eddleston, Michael
, p. 88 - 92 (2008)
Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides poison more than 3,000,000 people every year in the developing world, mostly through intentional self-poisoning. Advances in medical therapy for OP poisoning have lagged, and current treatment is not highly effective with mortality of up to 40% in even the most advanced Western medical facilities. Administration of a broadly active bacterial OP hydrolase to patients in order to hydrolyze OPs in circulation might allow current therapies to be more effective. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a new recombinant bacterial OP hydrolase (OpdA), cloned from Agrobacterium radiobacter, in rat models of two chemically distinct but highly toxic and rapidly acting OP pesticides: dichlorvos and parathion. Without OpdA treatment, median time to death in rats poisoned with 3× LD50 of dichlorvos or parathion was 6 min and 25.5 min, respectively. Administration of a single dose of OpdA immediately after dichlorvos resulted in 100% survival at 24 h, with no additional antidotal therapy. After parathion poisoning, OpdA alone caused only a delay to death. However, an additional two doses of OpdA resulted in 62.5% survival at 24 h after parathion poisoning. In combination with pralidoxime therapy, a single dose of OpdA increased survival to 75% after parathion poisoning. Our results demonstrate that OpdA is able to improve survival after poisoning by two chemically distinct and highly toxic OP pesticides.
Reaction of OH radicals with 1,1-di-, tri- and tetrachloroethylene
Kirchner,Helf,Ott,Vogt
, p. 77 - 83 (2007/10/02)
The kinetics and product formation of the homogeneous gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with 1,1-di-, tri- and tetrachloroethylene were investigated at temperatures between 298-459 K, in the pressure range of 0.5-5.6 mbar. Measurements were made in a discharge-flow apparatus, using helium as the carrier gas. The OH radical and the reaction products were detected by mass spectrometry. The rate constants were observed to be pressure independent in the case of 1,1-di- and tetrachloroethylene but slightly pressure dependent in the case of trichloroethylene. The temperature dependencies are expressed by Arrhenius equation. The major products are: CH2OH-CCl2 for 1,1-dichloroethylene; 2,2-dichloroethenol and Cl for trichloroethylene; trichloroethenol, dichloracetyl chloride, Cl, CHCl2 and phosgene for tetrachloroethylene.
