469-92-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Acid-catalyzed isomerization of caryophyllene in the presence of SiO2 and Al2O3 impregnated with sulfuric acid
Romanenko,Tkachev
, p. 1051 - 1058 (2018/10/02)
The conversion of caryophyllene upon contact with Al2O3 and SiO2 impregnated with sulfuric acid was carried out, and the components of the resulting mixtures were identified. Having in hands such “standard” mixtures greatl
Heteropoly acid catalysts in the valorization of the essential oils: Acetoxylation of β-caryophyllene
Rocha, Kelly A. da Silva,Rodrigues, Nathália V.S.,Kozhevnikov, Ivan V.,Gusevskaya, Elena V.
experimental part, p. 87 - 94 (2010/10/21)
H3PW12O40 (PW), the strongest heteropoly acid in the Keggin series, is an active and environmentally friendly catalyst for the liquid-phase conversion of β-caryophyllene (1) to β-caryolanyl acetate (2) in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. An efficient and clean method for the synthesis of 2, providing a mixture containing two stereoisomeric β-caryolanyl acetates 2a and 2b, 2a/2b = 80/20 mol/mol, with 100% GC yield, has been developed using PW as a homogeneous catalyst under mild reaction conditions. The reaction occurs at 25 °C with a catalyst turnover number of 2000. The catalyst can be recovered without neutralization and reused without loss of activity and selectivity.
Rearrangement of (-)-β-caryophyllene. A product analysis and force field study
Fitjer, Lutz,Malich, Andreas,Paschke, Carola,Kluge, Sabine,Gerke, Ralf,Rissom, Beate,Weiser, J?rg,Noltemeyer, Mathias
, p. 9180 - 9189 (2007/10/03)
The rearrangement of (-)-β-caryophyllene (1) with sulfuric acid in ether has been reinvestigated. In the early stage, a multitude of products is formed. Of these, fourteen hydrocarbons (3, 4, 6-17) and four alcohols (5, 18-20) were obtained pure. From the very beginning, the tricycloundecenes 15-17 assumulate quickly. This indicates that a previously unknown rearrangement of 1 by protonation of the exocyclic double bond followed by transannular ring closure is a main reaction, and that the conformation βα is involved. Three hydrocarbons (3, 4, 8) and three alcohols (5, 18, 19) proved to be stable. They are the main components in the late stage. A complete rearrangement scheme followed from a force field analysis using MMP2. First, all conformations up to 4 kcal above the global minimum of each product and each carbenium ion necessary for its formation were detected automatically using the search program HUNTER. Second, the conformation favoring a specific transformation was searched for. For transannular cyclizations, the conformation with the shortest distance between the atoms to be bound and, for ring openings and 1,2-shifts, the conformation with the smallest dihedral angle between the empty p-orbital and the bond to be broken were selected. In all cases, the selection criteria proved valid: The stereochemistry of the conformations selected matched the stereochemistry of the products observed. On the basis of the results presented, a fully automated search program for favorable rearrangement paths may be developed.
