475-25-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Medical and Scientific Research:
HEMATEIN is used as a stain for the cell nuclei of animal tissue, particularly in histology and cytology. It is an essential tool for visualizing and studying cellular structures, making it a valuable asset in medical and scientific research.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
HEMATEIN serves as a CK2 inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent, a TNFa inhibitor, and an anti-inflammatory substance. These properties make it a potential candidate for the development of new drugs and therapies in the pharmaceutical industry.
Used in Dyes and Metabolites:
HEMATEIN is also used in the production of dyes and metabolites, with its color index being 75290. This application highlights its versatility and potential for use in various industrial processes.
Used in Staining Myelin Sheaths and Nerve Fibers:
HEMATEIN is suggested to possess use as a stain for myelin sheaths and nerve fibers, which can be beneficial for studying the nervous system and related conditions.

InChI:InChI=1/C16H12O6/c17-10-2-1-8-13-9-4-12(19)11(18)3-7(9)5-16(13,21)6-22-15(8)14(10)20/h1-3,17,20-21H,4-6H2/t16-/m1/s1

Synthetic route

haematoxylin → haematein (475-25-2)

Conditions	Yield
With ammonia Behandeln mit Essigsaeure;
With ammonia at 130℃;
With iodine; mercury(II) oxide

hematoxylin (17647-60-8) → hydroxyhematoxylin + haematein (475-25-2)

Conditions	Yield
With water Mechanism; Electrolysis;

haematein (475-25-2) → hydroxyhematoxylin

Conditions	Yield
With water Electrolysis;	7%

dimethyl sulfate (77-78-1) + haematein (475-25-2) + KOH-solution → haematein-tetramethyl ether + pentamethyl-dihydrohaemateinol

Conditions	Yield

yttrium(III) chloride (10361-92-9) + haematein (475-25-2) → Y(C16H8O6)2(5-)*4H(1+)

Conditions	Yield
In water

lead(II) nitrate + haematein (475-25-2) → 2Pb(2+)*C16H8O6(4-)*4H2O={Pb2(C16H8O6)}*4H2O

Conditions	Yield
In ammonia addn. of aq. Pb(NO3)2-soln. to aq. ammoniacal soln. of C16H12O6;; pptn.;

silver nitrate + haematein (475-25-2) → silver(I) hematein complex

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol

lead acetate (301-04-2) + haematein (475-25-2) → hematein lead(II) complex

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol

gadolinium(III) chloride + haematein (475-25-2) → hematein gadolinium(III) complex

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol

Upstream product

• 17647-60-8 hematoxylin 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Oxidation pathways of natural dye hematoxylin in aqueous solution

The oxidation mechanism of hematoxylin was studied in phosphate buffers and 0.1 M KCl by cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy under deaerated conditions. The redox potential of hematoxylin in buffered solution strongly depends on pH. A two electron oxidation is preceded by deprotonation. The homogeneous rate of deprotonation process of hematoxylin in 0.1 M phosphate buffer is kd = (2.5 ± 0.1) × 104 s -1. The cyclic voltammetry under unbuffered conditions shows the distribution of various dissociation forms of hematoxylin. The dissociation constants pK1 = 4.7 ± 0.2 and pK2 = 9.6 ± 0.1 were determined using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The final oxidation product was identified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection as hemathein. The distribution of oxidation products differs under buffered and unbuffered conditions. The dye degradation in natural unbuffered environment yields hemathein and hydroxyhematoxylin, which is absent in buffered solution.