476004-83-8

Usage

Uses

Used in Organic Synthesis:
Furan-2,5-diboronic acid, pinacol diester is utilized as a reagent in organic synthesis for its ability to participate in cross-coupling reactions, which are essential for creating carbon-carbon bonds. This property is crucial for the construction of complex organic molecules.
Used in Pharmaceutical Synthesis:
In the pharmaceutical industry, Furan-2,5-diboronic acid, pinacol diester is employed as a key intermediate for the synthesis of various drugs. Its versatility in reacting with different functional groups allows for the development of a wide range of pharmaceutical compounds.
Used in Agrochemical Synthesis:
Similarly, in agrochemical applications, Furan-2,5-diboronic acid, pinacol diester serves as a vital component in the creation of agrochemicals. Its role in forming carbon-carbon bonds is instrumental in the synthesis of molecules with pesticidal or herbicidal properties.
Used in Material Science:
Furan-2,5-diboronic acid, pinacol diester is also applied in material science for the development of new materials with specific properties. Its ability to form stable bonds with a variety of elements contributes to the creation of materials with tailored characteristics for various applications.

Upstream product

• 110-00-9 furan 
• 73183-34-3 bis(pinacol)diborane 
• 25015-63-8 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]-dioxaboralane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

C-H Borylation Catalysis of Heteroaromatics by a Rhenium Boryl Polyhydride

Transition metal complexes bearing metal-boron bonds are of particular relevance to catalytic C-H borylation reactions, with iridium polyboryl and polyhydrido-boryl complexes the current benchmark catalysts for these transformations. Herein, we demonstrate that polyhydride boryl phosphine rhenium complexes are accessible and catalyze the C-H borylation of heteroaromatic substrates. Reaction of [K(DME)(18-c-6)][ReH4(Bpin)(ν2-HBpin)(κ2-H2Bpin)] 1 with 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) produced [K(18-c-6)][ReH4(ν2-HBpin)(dppp)] 2 through substitution of two equivalents of HBpin, and protonation of 2 formed the neutral complex [ReH6(Bpin)(dppp)] 3. Combined X-ray crystallographic and DFT studies show that 2 is best described as a σ-borane complex, whereas 3 is a boryl complex. Significantly, the boryl complex 3 acted as a catalyst for the C(sp2)-H borylation of a variety of heteroarenes (14 examples including furan, thiophene, pyrrole and indole derivatives) and displayed similar reactivity to the iridium analogues.

Iron-catalysed C(sp2)-H borylation enabled by carboxylate activation

Arene C(sp2)-H bond borylation reactions provide rapid and efficient routes to synthetically versatile boronic esters. While iridium catalysts are well established for this reaction, the discovery and development of methods using Earth-abundant alternatives is limited to just a few examples. Applying an in situ catalyst activation method using air-stable and easily handed reagents, the iron-catalysed C(sp2)-H borylation reactions of furans and thiophenes under blue light irradiation have been developed. Key reaction intermediates have been prepared and characterised, and suggest two mechanistic pathways are in action involving both C-H metallation and the formation of an iron boryl species.

Ortho-Selective C-H Borylation of Aromatic Ethers with Pinacol-borane by Organo Rare-Earth Catalysts

The regioselective C-H borylation of aromatic ethers such as anisoles is of much interest and importance, but has remained a challenge to date. We report herein the catalytic ortho-selective C-H borylation of a wide range of aromatic ethers with pinacolborane (HBpin) by rare-earth metallocene complexes. This protocol offers an efficient and straightforward route for the synthesis of a variety of borylated aromatic ether derivatives. A proper metal/ligand combination for the rare-earth metal catalysts was found to be critically important to promote this transformation.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective Borylation of Arenes: N-Heterocyclic Silylene as an Electron Donor in the Metal-Mediated Activation of C?H Bonds

C?H Borylation of arenes has been a subject of great interest recently because of its atom-economy and the wide applicability of borylated products in value-added synthesis. A new bis(silylene)cobalt(II) complex bearing a bis(N-heterocyclic silylene)-pyridine pincer ligand (SiNSi) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. It enabled the regioselective catalytic C?H borylation of pyridines, furans, and fluorinated arenes. Notably, it exhibited complementary regioselectivity for the borylation of fluorinated arenes compared to previously known catalytic systems, demonstrating that N-heterocyclic silylene donors have enormous potential in metal-catalyzed catalytic applications.

BASE METAL CATALYZED BORYLATION OF ARENES AND AROMMATIC HETEROCYCLES

In one aspect, cobalt complexes are described herein. In some embodiments, such cobalt complexes employ bis(phosphine) or bis(imine) ligand and are operable as catalysts for borylation of arenes and aromatic heterocycles.

Cobalt-catalyzed C-H borylation

A family of pincer-ligated cobalt complexes has been synthesized and are active for the catalytic C-H borylation of heterocycles and arenes. The cobalt catalysts operate with high activity and under mild conditions and do not require excess borane reagents. Up to 5000 turnovers for methyl furan-2-carboxylate have been observed at ambient temperature with 0.02 mol % catalyst loadings. A catalytic cycle that relies on a cobalt(I)-(III) redox couple is proposed.

C-H bond activation/borylation of furans and thiophenes catalyzed by a half-sandwich iron N-heterocyclic carbene complex

A coordinatively unsaturated iron-methyl complex having an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, [Cp*Fe-(LMe)Me] (1; Cp *=η5-C5Me5, L Me=1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazol-2-ylidene), is synthesized from the reaction of [Cp*Fe(TMEDA)Cl] (TMEDA=N,N,N',N'- tetramethylethylenediamine) with methyllithium and LMe. Complex 1 is found to activate the C-H bonds of furan, thiophene, and benzene, giving rise to aryl complexes, [Cp*Fe(LMe)-(aryl)] (aryl=2-furyl (2), 2-thienyl (3), phenyl (4)). The C-H bond cleavage reactions are applied to the dehydrogenative coupling of furans or thiophenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) in the presence of tert-butylethylene and a catalytic amount of 1 (10 mol% to HBpin). The borylation of the furan/thiophene or 2-substituted furans/thiophenes occurs exclusively at the 2-or 5-positions, respectively, whereas that of 3-substituted furans/thiophenes takes place mainly at the 5-position and gives a mixture of regioisomers. Treatment of 2 with 2 equiv of HBpin results in the quantitative formation of 2-boryl-furan and the borohydride complex [Cp *Fe(LMe)(H2Bpin)] (5). Heating a solution of 5 in the presence of tert-butylethylene led to the formation of an alkyl complex [Cp*Fe-(LMe)CH2CH2tBu] (6), which was found to cleave the C-H bond of furan to produce 2. On the basis of these results, a possible catalytic cycle is proposed.

Mechanism of the mild functionalization of arenes by diboron reagents catalyzed by iridium complexes. Intermediacy and chemistry of bipyridine-ligated iridium trisboryl complexes

This paper describes mechanistic studies on the functionalization of arenes with the diboron reagent B2pin2 (bis-pinacolato diborane(4)) catalyzed by the combination of 4,4′-di-tert-butylbipyridine (dtbpy) and olefin-ligated iridium halide or olefin-ligated iridium alkoxide complexes. This work identifies the catalyst resting state as [Ir(dtbpy)(COE)(Bpin)3] (COE = cyclooctene, Bpin = 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanyl). [Ir(dtbpy)(COE)(Bpin)3] was prepared by independent synthesis in high yield from [Ir(COD)(OMe)] 2, dtbpy, COE, and HBpin. This complex is formed in low yield from [Ir(COD)(OMe)]2, dtbpy, COE, and B2pin2. Kinetic studies show that this complex reacts with arenes after reversible dissociation of COE. An alternative mechanism in which the arene reacts with the Ir(I) complex [Ir(dtbpy)Bpin] after dissociation of COE and reductive elimination of B2pin2 does not occur to a measurable extent. The reaction of [Ir(dtbpy)(COE)(Bpin)3] with arenes and the catalytic reaction of B2pin2 with arenes catalyzed by [Ir(COD)(OMe)]2 and dtbpy occur faster with electron-poor arenes than with electron-rich arenes. However, both the stoichiometric and catalytic reactions also occur faster with the electron-rich heteroarenes thiophene and furan than with arenes, perhaps because η2-heteroarene complexes are more stable than the η2-arene complexes and the η2-heteroarene or arene complexes are intermediates that precede oxidative addition. Kinetic studies on the catalytic reaction show that [Ir(dtbpy)(COE)(Bpin)3] enters the catalytic cycle by dissociation of COE, and a comparison of the kinetic isotope effects of the catalytic and stoichiometric reactions shows that the reactive intermediate [Ir(dtbpy)(Bpin)3] cleaves the arene C-H bond. The barriers for ligand exchange and C-H activation allow an experimental assessment of several conclusions drawn from computational work. Most generally, our results corroborate the conclusion that C-H bond cleavage is turnover-limiting, but the experimental barrier for this bond cleavage is much lower than the calculated barrier.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HETEROARYL-TYPE BORON COMPOUNDS WITH IRIDIUM CATALYST

The present invention provides an economically and industrially superior simple process that enables the selective production of an aromatic heterocyclic monoboron compound and aromatic heterocyclic diboron compound at a satisfactory yield and in a desired ratio by reacting an aromatic heterocyclic compound and a boron compound in a single step under mild conditions while changing only the charged ratios of the raw materials. The present invention provides a production process of a heteroaryl mono- or diboron compound comprising an aromatic heterocyclic compound and a boron compound in the form of bis(pinacolate)diboron or pinacolate diborane in the presence of a iridium-containing catalyst and a ligand such as a bipyridyl ligand.

Iridium-Catalyzed Direct Borylation of Five-Membered Heteroarenes by Bis(pinacolato)diboron: Regioselective, Stoichiometric, and Room Temperature Reactions

An iridium(I) complex generated from 1/ 2[Ir(OMe)(COD)]2 and 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine catalyzed the direct borylation of 2-substituted thiophenes, furans and pyrroles in stoichiometric amounts relative to bis(pinacolato)diboron in hex