4907-38-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Esterification of free fatty acids (Biodiesel) using nano sulfated-titania as catalyst in solvent-free conditions
Hosseini-Sarvari, Mona,Sodagar, Esmat
, p. 229 - 238 (2013/05/09)
Nano sulfated titania was tested as catalyst for esterification of free fatty acids, specially methanolic and ethanolic esterification of stearic acid (biodiesels). Factorial design evidenced a positive effect of reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, and solvents on ester conversion. This nano-sized sulfated titania has been prepared by a sol-gel hydrothermal process. This prepared sulfated titania showed high catalytic activity in direct esterification of fatty acids as well as benzoic acids with various alcohols and phenols under solvent-free conditions. This method is of great value because of its environmentally benign character, easy handling, high yields, convenient operation, and green. FT-IR studies are shown that the catalyst can be reused for acylation without loss of catalytic activity.
Direct esterification of carboxylic acids with p-cresol catalysed by acid activated Indian bentonite
Vijayakumar,Iyengar, Pushpa,Nagendrappa, Gopalpur,Prakash, B.S. Jai
, p. 1950 - 1953 (2007/10/03)
Acid activated Indian bentonite (AAIB) catalyst is used for the first time to esterify various carboxylic acids with p-cresol in average to excellent yields. Optimisation studies have been carried out for p-cresyl stearate synthesis. The catalyst is recoverable and recyclable.
Lipase catalyzed esterification of cresols
Suresh Babu,Karanth,Divakar
, p. 1068 - 1071 (2007/10/03)
Esters of m- and p-cresols with organic acids having carbon chain lengths C2-C18 have been prepared by using lipases from porcine pancreas and Rhizomucor miehei. Gram level conversions are carried out under non-solvent conditions in case of shake flask experiments and continuous removal of water at bench-scale levels. Addition of 0.1 mL of 0.1M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 to the reaction mixture shows better conversions. Optimization studies have been carried out for p-cresyl laurate synthesis using Rhizomucor miehei lipase which show a maximum conversion of 74.4 %. Better conversions are obtained with larger amounts of enzyme. Porcine pancreas lipase catalyzed synthesis of m- and p-cresyl esters show that under identical reaction conditions acids with lower carbon chain lengths (C2-C4) give ester yields above 30%, while those with longer carbon chain lengths give ester yields 30%.
