49800-73-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Shifting Chemical Equilibria in Flow - Efficient Decarbonylation Driven by Annular Flow Regimes
Gutmann, Bernhard,Elsner, Petteri,Glasnov, Toma,Roberge, Dominique M.,Kappe, C. Oliver
, p. 11557 - 11561 (2016)
To efficiently drive chemical reactions, it is often necessary to influence an equilibrium by removing one or more components from the reaction space. Such manipulation is straightforward in open systems, for example, by distillation of a volatile product from the reaction mixture. Herein we describe a unique high-temperature/high-pressure gas/liquid continuous-flow process for the rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylation of aldehydes. The carbon monoxide released during the reaction is carried with a stream of an inert gas through the center of the tubing, whereas the liquid feed travels as an annular film along the wall of the channel. As a consequence, carbon monoxide is effectively vaporized from the liquid phase into the gas phase and stripped from the reaction mixture, thus driving the equilibrium to the product and preventing poisoning of the catalyst. This approach enables the catalytic decarbonylation of a variety of aldehydes with unprecedented efficiency with a standard coil-based flow device.
Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of benzocaine isosteres designed as humane rodenticides
Conole, Daniel,Beck, Thorsten M.,Jay-Smith, Morgan,Tingle, Malcolm D.,Eason, Charles T.,Brimble, Margaret A.,Rennison, David
supporting information, p. 2220 - 2235 (2014/04/17)
A number of isosteres (oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, tetrazoles and diazines) of benzocaine were prepared and evaluated for their capacity to induce methemoglobinemia - with a view to their possible application as humane pest control agents. It was found that an optimal lipophilicity for the formation of methemoglobin (metHb) in vitro existed within each series, with 1,2,4-oxadiazole 3 (metHb% = 61.0 ± 3.6) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole 10 (metHb% = 52.4 ± 0.9) demonstrating the greatest activity. Of the 5 candidates (compounds 3, 10, 11, 13 and 23) evaluated in vivo, failure to induce a lethal end-point at doses of 120 mg/kg was observed in all cases. Inadequate metabolic stability, particularly towards hepatic enzymes such as the CYPs, was postulated as one reason for their failure.
Alkenyl-copper derivatives 19. Synthesis of conjugated dienes and styrenes by cuopling of alkenyl cuprates with alkenyl and aryl halides
Jabri, N.,Alexakis, A.,Normant, J. F.
, p. 321 - 331 (2007/10/02)
Z dialkenylcuprates obtained by carbometallation of acetylene couple easily with alkenylhalides and iodoarenes in the presence of ZnBr2 and a catalytic amount of NiL4 or Pd0L4 to afford high yields of conjugated dienes and styrenes with very high stereoselectivity.Such pure dienes are often encountered in insect sex pheromones.
