5068-28-0Relevant articles and documents
Fluorovinylsulfones and -Sulfonates as Potent Covalent Reversible Inhibitors of the Trypanosomal Cysteine Protease Rhodesain: Structure-Activity Relationship, Inhibition Mechanism, Metabolism, and in Vivo Studies
Jung, Sascha,Fuchs, Natalie,Johe, Patrick,Wagner, Annika,Diehl, Erika,Yuliani, Tri,Zimmer, Collin,Barthels, Fabian,Zimmermann, Robert A.,Klein, Philipp,Waigel, Waldemar,Meyr, Jessica,Opatz, Till,Tenzer, Stefan,Distler, Ute,R?der, Hans-Joachim,Kersten, Christian,Engels, Bernd,Hellmich, Ute A.,Klein, Jochen,Schirmeister, Tanja
, p. 12322 - 12358 (2021/09/02)
Rhodesain is a major cysteine protease of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, a pathogen causing Human African Trypanosomiasis, and a validated drug target. Recently, we reported the development of α-halovinylsulfones as a new class of covalent reversible cysteine protease inhibitors. Here, α-fluorovinylsulfones/-sulfonates were optimized for rhodesain based on molecular modeling approaches. 2d, the most potent and selective inhibitor in the series, shows a single-digit nanomolar affinity and high selectivity toward mammalian cathepsins B and L. Enzymatic dilution assays and MS experiments indicate that 2d is a slow-tight binder (Ki = 3 nM). Furthermore, the nonfluorinated 2d-(H) shows favorable metabolism and biodistribution by accumulation in mice brain tissue after intraperitoneal and oral administration. The highest antitrypanosomal activity was observed for inhibitors with an N-terminal 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine group and a 4-Me-Phe residue in P2 (2e/4e) with nanomolar EC50 values (0.14/0.80 μM). The different mechanisms of reversible and irreversible inhibitors were explained using QM/MM calculations and MD simulations.
Efficient and practical procedure for the esterification of the free α-carboxylic acid of amino acid residues with β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride and triisopropylsilyl chloride
Suppo, Jean-Simon,De Sant'Ana, Danilo Pereira,Dias, Luiz Carlos,De Figueiredo, Renata Marcia,Campagne, Jean-Marc
supporting information, p. 3075 - 3084 (2015/01/08)
An efficient and practical procedure for the free α-carboxylic acid esterification of amino acid residues with β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride and triisopropylsilyl chloride is described. The reaction takes place under mild conditions and the expected protected amino acids are obtained in good to excellent yields. Our method provides a useful alternative for the C-terminal carboxylic acid protection of amino acids and peptides. Moreover, the removal of such protection was also achieved under mild conditions, without affecting either the other protecting groups at the α-amino moiety and side chains or the optical integrity at the α-position of the amino acid residues. Examples of their use in peptide synthesis are also illustrated.
Total synthesis and biological evaluation of (+)-kalkitoxin, a cytotoxic metabolite of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula
White, James D.,Xu, Qing,Lee, Chang-Sun,Valeriote, Frederick A.
, p. 2092 - 2102 (2007/10/03)
(+)-Kalkitoxin, a metabolite of the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, was synthesized from (R)-2-methylbutyric acid, (R)-cysteine, and (3S, 4S, 6S)-3,4,6-trimethyl-8-(methylamino)octanoic acid. A key step in the synthesis was installation of the anti,anti methyl stereotriad by means of a tandem asymmetric conjugate addition of an organocopper species to an α,β-unsaturated N-acyl oxazolidin-2-one followed in situ by α-methylation of the resultant enolate. The thiazoline portion of kalkitoxin was assembled by titanium tetrachloride catalyzed cyclization of a vinyl substituted amido thiol.
