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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

High-selectivity synthesis method of long-chain fatty acid monoglyceride

The invention belongs to the field of fatty acid and synthetic fatty acid glycerides and relates to a high-selectivity synthesis method of long-chain fatty acid monoglyceride, in particular to a high-selectivity synthesis method of long-chain fatty acid and synthetic fatty acid glycerides. The method comprises the steps that tetraethyl silicate and glycerin are subjected to alcoholysis reaction, and part of glycerin is esterified to generate glyceryl silicate; then the glyceryl silicate is subjected to esterification reaction with fatty acid to generate fatty acid glyceride; finally the high activity (instability) of silicate ester is utilized to achieve hydrolysis under mild conditions to synthesize the synthetic fatty acid glyceride at high selectivity. A by-product is safe and harmlessSiO2. Accordingly, the product with high monoglyceride content is obtained by using a simple process under mild conditions.

Biochemical characterization of the PHARC-associated serine hydrolase ABHD12 reveals its preference for very-long-chain lipids

Polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa, and cataract (PHARC) is a rare genetic human neurological disorder caused by null mutations to the Abhd12 gene, which encodes the integral membrane serine hydrolase enzyme ABHD12. Although the role that ABHD12 plays in PHARC is understood, the thorough biochemical characterization of ABHD12 is lacking. Here, we report the facile synthesis of mono-1-(fatty)acyl-glycerol lipids of varying chain lengths and unsaturation and use this lipid substrate library to biochemically characterize recombinant mammalian ABHD12. The substrate profiling study for ABHD12 suggested that this enzyme requires glycosylation for optimal activity and that it has a strong preference for very-long-chain lipid substrates. We further validated this substrate profile against brain membrane lysates generated from WT and ABHD12 knockout mice. Finally, using cellular organelle fractionation and immunofluorescence assays, we show that mammalian ABHD12 is enriched on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, where most of the very-long-chain fatty acids are biosynthesized in cells. Taken together, our findings provide a biochemical explanation for why very-long-chain lipids (such as lysophosphatidylserine lipids) accumulate in the brains of ABHD12 knockout mice, which is a murine model of PHARC.

Study of the effect of DATEM. 1. Influence of fatty acid chain length on rheology and baking

To answer the question of which fatty acid residue is the most effective, diacetyltartaric esters of monoglycerides (DATEMs) with fatty acids of chain lengths 6:0-20:0 were synthesized. The activity of synthesized DATEMs and commercial DATEM products was studied by means of rheological methods and a microscale baking test with 10 g of flour. Variation of the acyl residue from 6:0 to 22:0 showed that stearic acid (18:0) had the best effect on the baking activity of DATEM (loaf volume increased by 62%). DATEMs containing unsaturated fatty acids (18:1, 18:2) or DATEMs produced from diacylglycerols instead of monoacylglycerols showed a slight increase of the loaf volumes. A slight effect of DATEM on the rheology of dough was observed. However, much greater was the effect on the gluten isolated from doughs prepared with DATEM. The resistance of gluten to extension was increased after the addition of increasing amounts of DATEM (0.1-0.5%). Within the series of DATEMs derived from the homologous series of monoacylglycerols the product based on glycerol monostearate (18:0) showed a maximum increase of the gluten resistance.