51481-10-8 Usage
Description
Different sources of media describe the Description of 51481-10-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Vomitoxin or deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the
trichothecenes (mycotoxins) which comprise a large
group (148 or more have been identified) of protein
synthesis inhibitors. These mycotoxins are also powerful
immunosuppressants which may predispose animals to
other diseases.
Vomitoxin is the most commonly found
trichothecene in moldy corn (maize), but a number of
other biologically active trichothecenes are produced by
species of the fungus Fusarium. These include nivalenol,
T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and
monoacetoxyscipenol (MAS). These mycotoxins are most
toxic when fed to swine and other monogastric animals
including humans. Poultry are generally more resistant
to trichothecenes than hogs, whereas T-2 toxin and DAS
appear to be more toxic to chickens than vomitoxin. Toxins
already present in corn at harvest may increase in stored
ear corn. Extended periods of warm, rainy, or damp
weather from flowering time onward promote infection
of corn by Fusarium species (1–7).
2. 4-deoxy Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found in Fusarium. It binds to eukaryotic ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis in mice when administered at doses ranging from 5 to 25 mg/kg. 4-deoxy Nivalenol (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) induces emesis in pigs and decreases feed consumption in pigs when administered at a dose of 40 ppb in the diet. It induces lethality in mice (LD50 = 46-78 mg/kg). 4-deoxy Nivalenol has been found in F. graminearum-infected cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and corn.
Chemical Properties
Off-White Solid
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 51481-10-8 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Deoxynivalenol is a natural type B trichothecene produced by certain species of the fungus Fusarium, particularly those found on cereal crops, including wheat, barley, oats, maize, and rye. This mycotoxin can induce vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss as well as other physiological and toxicological effects. It inhibits protein biosynthesis, binds to peptidyl transferase, and inhibits the synthesis of RNA and DNA, contributing to immunotoxicity. It passes the blood-brain barrier at different rates in different animals and this may be related to anorexia.
2. Deoxynivalenol solution has been used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in cornmeal and wheat meal matrices using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). It is used as an analytical standard in investigating its toxicity mechanism on human chondrocytes by microarray and bioinformatics analysis.
3. Deoxynivalenol is a tricothecene mycotoxin and potent protein synthesis inhibitor. Deoxynivalenol exhibits cytotoxic activity in vivo via the ribotoxic stress response. Deoxynivalenol induces p38-mediated gene expression and apoptosis in leukocytes; activity results in systemic expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other proinflammatory cytokines. Also induces migration of NF-κB into the nucleus.
General Description
Deoxynivalenol belongs to the class of type B trichothecene mycotoxins typically produced by the species of Fusarium genus. It is cytotoxic and is known to hinder the macromolecular synthesis.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a trichothecene mycotoxin that inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA as well as protein synthesis at the ribosomal level. DON induces IL-6 mediated serum hyperelevation of IgA, as well as phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1,2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2 (JNK 1,2) in mice. An in vitro study with porcine ovarian granulosa cells suggests a dose dependent association of DON on porcine ovarian functions. It was also shown that LPS and its downstream mediators can interact with DON to modulate proliferative, cytotoxic and apoptotic outcomes in leukocytes in a tissue specific manner.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 51481-10-8 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 5,1,4,8 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 51481-10:
(7*5)+(6*1)+(5*4)+(4*8)+(3*1)+(2*1)+(1*0)=98
98 % 10 = 8
So 51481-10-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C15H20O6/c1-7-3-9-14(5-16,11(19)10(7)18)13(2)4-8(17)12(21-9)15(13)6-20-15/h3,8-9,11-12,16-17,19H,4-6H2,1-2H3/t8-,9-,11-,12-,13-,14-,15-/m1/s1
51481-10-8Relevant articles and documents
Sulfation of deoxynivalenol, its acetylated derivatives, and T2-toxin
Fruhmann, Philipp,Skrinjar, Philipp,Weber, Julia,Mikula, Hannes,Warth, Benedikt,Sulyok, Michael,Krska, Rudolf,Adam, Gerhard,Rosenberg, Erwin,Hametner, Christian,Fr?hlich, Johannes
, p. 5260 - 5266 (2014/07/08)
The synthesis of several sulfates of trichothecene mycotoxins is presented. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives were synthesized from 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) and used as substrate for sulfation in order to reach a series of five different DON-based sulfates as well as T2-toxin-3-sulfate. These substances are suspected to be formed during phase-II metabolism in plants and humans. The sulfation was performed using a sulfuryl imidazolium salt, which was synthesized prior to use. All protected intermediates and final products were characterized via NMR and will serve as reference materials for further investigations in the fields of toxicology and bioanalytics of mycotoxins.
Structure-activity relationships of trichothecene toxins in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf assay
Desjardins, Anne E.,McCormick, Susan P.,Appell, Michael
, p. 6487 - 6492 (2008/09/19)
Many Fusarium species produce trichothecenes, sesquiterpene epoxides that differ in patterns of oxygenation and esterification at carbon positions C-3, C-4, C-7, C-8, and C-15. For the first comprehensive and quantitative comparison of the effects of oxygenation and esterification on trichothecene phytotoxicity, we tested 24 precursors, intermediates, and end products of the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway in an Arabidopsis thaliana detached leaf assay. At 100 μM, the highest concentration tested, only the trichothecene precursor trichodiene was nontoxic. Among trichothecenes, toxicity varied more than 200-fold. Oxygenation at C-4, C-8, C-7/8, or C-15 was, on average, as likely to decrease as to increase toxicity. Esterification at C-4, C-8, or C-15 generally increased toxicity. Esterification at C-3 increased toxicity in one case and decreased toxicity in three of eight cases tested. Thus, the increase in structural complexity along the trichothecene biosynthetic pathway in Fusarium is not necessarily associated with an increase in phytotoxicity.
Preparation of 10-g Quantities of 15-O-Acetyl-4-deoxynivalenol
Grove, John Frederick,McAlees, Alan J.,Taylor, Alan
, p. 3860 - 3862 (2007/10/02)
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