52449-00-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Ligand-free Cu-catalyzed O-arylation of aliphatic diols
Zheng, Yufen,Zou, Wenxing,Luo, Laichun,Chen, Jiabei,Lin, Songwen,Sun, Qi
, p. 66104 - 66108 (2015/08/18)
Coupling reaction between aryl iodides and aliphatic diols was realized with a ligand-free copper catalyst under mild conditions. This method was successfully applied in the process of scale-up synthesis of medicinal candidate product EMB-3.
Design and synthesis of HIV-1 protease inhibitors for a long-acting injectable drug application
Kesteleyn, Bart,Amssoms, Katie,Schepens, Wim,Hache, Geerwin,Verschueren, Wim,Van De Vreken, Wim,Rombauts, Klara,Meurs, Greet,Sterkens, Patrick,Stoops, Bart,Baert, Lieven,Austin, Nigel,Wegner, J?rg,Masungi, Chantal,Dierynck, Inge,Lundgren, Stina,J?nsson, Daniel,Parkes, Kevin,Kalayanov, Genadiy,Wallberg, Hans,Rosenquist, ?sa,Samuelsson, Bertil,Van Emelen, Kristof,Thuring, Jan Willem
, p. 310 - 317 (2013/02/25)
The design and synthesis of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs) (1-22), which display high potency against HIV-1 wild-type and multi-PI-resistant HIV-mutant clinical isolates, is described. Lead optimization was initiated from compound 1, a Phe-Phe hydroxyethylene peptidomimetic PI, and was directed towards the discovery of new PIs suitable for a long-acting (LA) injectable drug application. Introducing a heterocyclic 6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl or a 6-(dimethylamino)-3-pyridinyl moiety (R3) at the para-position of the P1′ benzyl fragment generated compounds with antiviral potency in the low single digit nanomolar range. Halogenation or alkylation of the metabolic hot spots on the various aromatic rings resulted in PIs with high stability against degradation in human liver microsomes and low plasma clearance in rats. Replacing the chromanolamine moiety (R1) in the P2 protease binding site by a cyclopentanolamine or a cyclohexanolamine derivative provided a series of high clearance PIs (16-22) with EC50s on wild-type HIV-1 in the range of 0.8-1.8 nM. PIs 18 and 22, formulated as nanosuspensions, showed gradual but sustained and complete release from the injection site over two months in rats, and were therefore identified as interesting candidates for a LA injectable drug application for treating HIV/AIDS.
Fragmentations observed in the reactions of α-methoxy-γ- alkoxyalkyl iodide substrates with super-electron-donors derived from 4-DMAP and N-methylbenzimidazole
Sword, Ryan,Baldwin, Luke A.,Murphy, John A.
, p. 3560 - 3570 (2011/06/20)
Reactions of super-electron-donors (SEDs) derived from 4- dimethylaminopyridine and from N-methylbenzimidazole with α-methoxy- γ-alkoxyalkyl iodides lead to liberation of the γ-alkoxy groups as their alcohols. This is consistent with generation of alkyl radicals from the alkyl halide precursors, and trapping of these radicals by the radical-cation of the SED, followed by a heterolytic fragmentation.
Pyrido pyrimidinones as selective agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A: Optimization of in vitro activity
Peters, Jens-Uwe,Kühne, Holger,Dehmlow, Henrietta,Grether, Uwe,Conte, Aurelia,Hainzl, Dominik,Hertel, Cornelia,Kratochwil, Nicole A.,Otteneder, Michael,Narquizian, Robert,Panousis, Constantinos G.,Ricklin, Fabienne,R?ver, Stephan
scheme or table, p. 5426 - 5430 (2010/12/25)
Pyrido pyrimidinones are selective agonists of the human high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A (HM74A). They show no activity on the highly homologous low affinity receptor GPR109B (HM74). Starting from a high throughput screening hit the in vitro activity of the pyrido pyrimidinones was significantly improved providing lead compounds suitable for further optimization.
Reactions of γ-arylalkanols via aryl radical cation and alkoxyl radical intermediates. Part 3. Reactions of 3-arylprop-1-yl hydroperoxides with iron(II) in the presence of copper(II)
Goosen, Andre,Marais, Charles F.,McCleland, Cedric W.,Rinaldi, Fabrizio C.
, p. 1227 - 1236 (2007/10/02)
A strategy for comparing the 1,5- and 1,6-cyclisation reactions of 3-phenylpropan-1-oxyl radicals is described.Iron(II)-catalysed reduction of 3-(p-methylphenyl)prop-1-yl hydroperoxide and its para-chloro and para-methoxy-substituted analogues, carried out in the presence of copper(II), has been found to give in each case the appropriate para-substituted 3-phenylpropan-1-ol, 3-phenylpropanal and a low yield of a mixture of isomeric 6- and 7-substituted chromans.The alcohols are proposed to form via reduction of either the hydroperoxide or the resulting alkoxyl radical or its cyclised intermediates, and the aldehydes as a result of rearrangement of the alkoxyl radical to an α-hydroxy alkyl radical which subsequently undergoes oxidation.The 7-substituted chromans, which arise directly from 1,6-cyclisation of the alkoxyl radical, were found to dominate the 6-substituted isomers which result from rearrangement of 1,5-cyclised intermediates.This effect is attributed to inefficient interception of the 1,5-cyclised radical intermediate which permits equilibration to the thermodynamically more stable 1,6-cyclised radical isomer to occur.The effect of pH on the reactions has been investigated and although no products typical of the intermediacy of aryl radical cations were detected (even under highly acidic conditions), the formation of such intermediates cannot be excluded.Semiempirical MO calculations have been carried out (at the PM3 level of approximation) on a series of model compounds, yielding results which have clarified our understanding of the effect of substituents on the stabilities of the various intermediates arising from the cyclisation reactions of 3-phenylpropan-1-oxyl radicals.Furthermore, these calculations have supported our assumptions regarding the probability and specificity of rearrangements of the spirodienyl intermediates.
The Synthesis of 4-Methylcyclohexa-2,5-dienones from Phenols
Islam, M. Majharul,Waring, Anthony J.
, p. 768 - 783 (2007/10/02)
4-Alkyl phenols have been converted by a known sequence into 2-aryloxyisobutyric acids and thence, by bromination at the 4-position of the aromatic ring with concomitant intramolecular lactone formation, into masked 4-alkyl-4-bromocyclohexa-2,5-dienones.Reaction with lithium dimethylcuprate, as a model for other lithium dialkylcuprates, replaces the bromine by a methyl group.Hydrolytic demasking gives 4-alkyl-4-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dienones.The method should allow the general synthesis of 4-alkylated cyclohexa-2,5-dienones from phenols via a nucleophilic alkylation step.This contrasts with an existing route which uses electrophilic alkylation of phenols or phenoxide ions by a restricted range of reactive alkylating agents.
