52944-86-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Water-soluble NHC-stabilized platinum nanoparticles as recoverable catalysts for hydrogenation in water
Baquero, Edwin A.,Chaudret, Bruno,De Jesús, Ernesto,Flores, Juan C.,Gonzalez-Arellano, Camino,Ruiz-Varilla, Andrea M.
, p. 2874 - 2881 (2020/06/17)
The production of water-soluble and stable metallic nanoparticles that can act as recoverable catalysts still remains a challenge. Herein we report the behavior of a series of water-soluble platinum nanoparticles containing different sulfonated NHC ligands as recoverable catalysts for the hydrogenation of aromatic compounds in pure water. The NHC-protected nanoparticles are found to be active and, in general, can be reutilized with no loss of activity or selectivity, although differences are observed depending on the substitution of the NHC ligand or on the substrate being hydrogenated. Pt leaching was determined to be only 0.03-0.29%. TEM images reveal that the shape of the nanoparticles remains unaltered after catalysis. However, the size of the particles increased, although with no influence on their catalytic properties in many instances.
Hydrogenation of substituted aromatic nitrobenzenes over 1% 1.0 wt.%Ir/ZrO2 catalyst: Effect of meta position and catalytic performance
Campos, Cristian,Torres, Cecilia,Oportus, Marcelo,Pe?a, Miguel A.,Fierro,Reyes, Patricio
, p. 93 - 100 (2013/08/23)
This study is based on 1%Ir/ZrO2 catalyst which was studied in the hydrogenation of aromatic meta-substituted nitrobenzene in liquid phase. The catalyst was prepared by traditional impregnation method using IrCl3 and it has been characterized in terms of temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), ICP-MS, BET area, X-ray diffraction, HR-TEM and XPS measurements. The hydrogenation was evaluated in a batch type reactor at 298 K using ethanol like a solvent. The catalyst showed the formation of zero valent and partially oxidized Iridium (Irδ+) is established post-TPR and XPS characterization. The metal particle size exhibited a wide distribution with mean size 1.8 nm. Ir/ZrO2 was active in all the hydrogenation reactions with elevated conversion and promoted exclusive NO2 group reduction, resulting in the sole formation of the corresponding amino-compound except for CHO and CHCH2 meta-substituted nitrobenzene. We associate this response to a reducible group competition between NO2 and CHO or CHCH2. Reactant activation on the catalyst generates a negatively charged intermediate, consistent with a nucleophilic mechanism. The presence of electron-donating substituents is shown to decrease NO2 reduction rate. This effect is quantified in terms of the Hammett relationship where a linear correlation between the substituent constant (σi) and rate is established and a reaction constant (ρ) 0.639. The data generated provide the first report of the catalytic action of supported Ir in the hydrogenation of meta-substituted nitroarenes and establish the nature of the hydrogenation en liquid phase.
Nitrosation of aryl and heteroaryltrifluoroborates with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate
Molander, Gary A.,Cavalcanti, Livia N.
experimental part, p. 4402 - 4413 (2012/06/18)
Organotrifluoroborates have emerged as an alternative to toxic and air- and moisture-sensitive organometallic species for the synthesis of functionalized aryl and heteroaryl compounds. It has been shown that the trifluoroborate moiety can be easily converted into a variety of different substituents in a late synthetic stage. In this paper, we disclose a mild, selective, and convenient method for the ipso-nitrosation of organotrifluoroborates using nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4). Aryl- and heteroaryltrifluoroborates were converted into the corresponding nitroso products in good to excellent yields. This method proved to be tolerant of a broad range of functional groups.
