5332-51-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A Chiral Stationary Phase Derived from (R,R)-Tartramide with Broadened Scope of Application to the Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Enantiomers
Dobashi, Yasuo,Hara, Shoji
, p. 2490 - 2496 (1987)
An understanding of the retention process of solute enantiomers on a chiral stationary phase (CSP) would indicate the importance of eliminating the nonenantioselective, i.e., solute-silanol, interaction that occurs in this process.For clarification of this matter, a CSP in which a (R,R)-N,N'-dialkyltartramide derivative is linked to the silica gel surface via 11 methylene units and the remaining silanol groups are trimethylsilylated was synthesized.This CSP was found capable of chiral recognition of broad categories of enantiomers containing α- or β-hydroxycarbonyl, α-amino acid, β-aminoalcohol, primary amine derivatives, barbiturates, glutarimide, α-hydroxy ketoximes, carbinols, 1,2-diols, and bi-β-naphthol.The driving force to bring about enantioselective association is ascribable to hydrogen bonding.The effects of a reduction in the number of remaining silanol groups on CSP and a long alkyl chain as a linkage of the tetramide moiety to CSP are discussed on the basis of retentivity of enantiomers.
Diffusion-based deprotection in mesoporous materials: A strategy for differential functionalization of porous silica particles
Cheng, Kai,Landry, Christopher C.
, p. 9674 - 9685 (2007)
A monodisperse, spherical mesoporous silica (Acid-Prepared Mesoporous Spheres, APMS) was prepared and then functionalized with two types of Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) terminated silanes with variable chain lengths. N2 physisorption experiments indicated that, under some conditions, the pores of the solid were completely filled by the Fmoc-protected organosilanes. These blocked pores were then "reopened" by the cleavage of Fmoc groups with a piperidine solution. In contrast to the solution reaction, this deprotection reaction was much slower within the pores. The rate of deprotection was followed by UV/visible spectroscopy, and a plot of Fmoc released versus time showed a sigmoidal shape. An empirical model was applied to the data, which indicated that the reaction was influenced by the concentration and temperature of the piperidine solution as well as the number of Fmoc moieties within the pores. Using this information, we show that the location of the deprotection reaction in the pores of the silica can be empirically controlled. Our work provides a method by which the surface of the porous silica can be functionalized in a well-defined manner. This method can be used to produce materials for catalysis or drug delivery.
A Molecular Iron-Based System for Divergent Bond Activation: Controlling the Reactivity of Aldehydes
Chatterjee, Basujit,Jena, Soumyashree,Chugh, Vishal,Weyhermüller, Thomas,Werlé, Christophe
, p. 7176 - 7185 (2021/06/30)
The direct synthesis of amides and nitriles from readily available aldehyde precursors provides access to functional groups of major synthetic utility. To date, most reliable catalytic methods have typically been optimized to supply one product exclusively. Herein, we describe an approach centered on an operationally simple iron-based system that, depending on the reaction conditions, selectively addresses either the C=O or C-H bond of aldehydes. This way, two divergent reaction pathways can be opened to furnish both products in high yields and selectivities under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst system takes advantage of iron's dual reactivity capable of acting as (1) a Lewis acid and (2) a nitrene transfer platform to govern the aldehyde building block. The present transformation offers a rare control over the selectivity on the basis of the iron system's ionic nature. This approach expands the repertoire of protocols for amide and nitrile synthesis and shows that fine adjustments of the catalyst system's molecular environment can supply control over bond activation processes, thus providing easy access to various products from primary building blocks.
Ring Opening/Site Selective Cleavage in N-Acyl Glutarimide to Synthesize Primary Amides
Govindan, Karthick,Lin, Wei-Yu
supporting information, p. 1600 - 1605 (2021/03/03)
A LiOH-promoted hydrolysis selective C-N cleavage of twisted N-acyl glutarimide for the synthesis of primary amides under mild conditions has been developed. The reaction is triggered by a ring opening of glutarimide followed by C-N cleavage to afford primary amides using 2 equiv of LiOH as the base at room temperature. The efficacy of the reactions was considered and administrated for various aryl and alkyl substituents in good yield with high selectivity. Moreover, gram-scale synthesis of primary amides using a continuous flow method was achieved. It is noted that our new methodology can apply under both batch and flow conditions for synthetic and industrial applications.
Maleic imide base three ethoxy silane series compound synthesis and self-assembly film preparation method
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Paragraph 0025; 0027; 0028-0030, (2019/06/26)
Among various factors influencing performances of organic electronic components, interfacial property is the most important one influencing the performance of the whole component. In the invention, a series of maleimidotriethoxy silane-series compounds are synthesized, wherein a monomolecular film layer is formed on a surface of an oxide substrate through a self-assembling method, thereby modifying the substrate. Dicyclopentadiene platinum chloride is employed as a catalyst to perform hydrosilylation. Nuclear magnetism is carried out for representation. A test result proves that the catalyst allows catalytic addition to a compound having an amino group to be carried out high-efficiently, and furthermore, silicone on a silanoethoxyl group is connected to a position of a terminal group of a double bond before addition. A self-assembling method is utilized to form the monomolecular film layer on the surface of the oxide substrate. A Young contact angle instrument and XPS is employed for representation, which proves that a flat monomolecular film layer is formed on the surface of the oxide substrate.
Synthesis of supramolecular precision polymers: Crystallization under conformational constraints
Reimann, Sophie,Danke, Varun,Beiner, Mario,Binder, Wolfgang H.
, p. 3736 - 3748 (2017/10/11)
Placing artificial folding elements into precision polymers is an important strategy to systematically study structure formation in self-assembly, particularly in the semicrystalline state. To this purpose, a series of precision polymers bearing either a N-protected or N-unprotected diaminopyridine (DAP) unit after every 16th, 18th, and 20th carbon as well as a urea unit after every 20th carbon along a polyethylene-like polymer were synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and subsequent hydrogenation. The polymers thus contain either H-bonds (urea/DAP), π–π-elements (DAP), or no H-bonds (respective N?protected urea/DAP-units) in their main chain, able to consequently study the crystallization behavior under influence of such supramolecular moieties. Therefore, the thermal properties and crystallization behavior were analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as well as wide angle X-ray diffraction. The obtained crystalline polymer is influenced by the different supramolecular interactions existing between adjacent polymer chains and the varying defect size exerted by the incorporated functional groups.
One-Step Synthesis of Nitriles from Acids, Esters and Amides Using DIBAL-H and Ammonium Chloride
Wojtkielewicz, Agnieszka,?otowski, Zenon,Morzycki, Jacek W.
supporting information, p. 2288 - 2292 (2015/09/28)
A convenient, one-step procedure is presented for the conversion of carboxylic acids or their derivatives (esters, lactones, amides) to nitriles with an aminoalane reagent prepared from diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) and ammonium chloride.
Base catalyzed sustainable synthesis of phenyl esters from carboxylic acids using diphenyl carbonate
Kreye, Oliver,Meier, Michael A. R.
, p. 53155 - 53160 (2015/06/25)
Phenyl esters were obtained in moderate to high yields by reaction of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids with one equivalent of diphenyl carbonate in the presence of catalytic amounts of tertiary amine bases, such as DBU, TBD and DMAP under neat conditions at elevated temperatures (>100°C).
Highly selective macrocycle formations by metathesis catalysts fixated in nanopores
Jee, Joo-Eun,Cheong, Jian Liang,Lim, Jaehong,Chen, Cheng,Hong, Soon Hyeok,Lee, Su Seong
, p. 3048 - 3056 (2013/06/26)
Ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts immobilized on mesocellular siliceous foam (MCF) bearing large nanopores proved highly efficient and selective for macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis (RCM). Kinetic studies revealed that the homogeneous counterpart ex
Magnesium nitride as a convenient source of ammonia: Preparation of primary amides
Veitch, Gemma E.,Bridgwood, Katy L.,Ley, Steven V.
scheme or table, p. 3623 - 3625 (2009/05/07)
(Chemical Equation Presented) The use of magnesium nitride (Mg 3N2) as a convenient source of ammonia has been explored for the direct transformation of esters to primary amides. Methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and tert-butyl esters are converted to the corresponding carboxamides in good yields (75-99%).
