54131-13-4Relevant articles and documents
The reactions of phenols with α,β-unsaturated aromatic acids in presence of polyphosphoric acid: Synthetic and mechanistic studies
Majumder,Chatterjee,Mukhoti
, p. 743 - 755 (2007/10/03)
The reactions of cinnamic acid with phenol itself, catechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol and 2-naphthol in presence PPA were studied and that with resorcinol was reinvestigated. With phenol itself and hydroquinone were obtained 3,4-dihydro-4-phenylcoumarin (1r) and 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylcoumarin (1s), respectively, as the sole products. Catechol and pyrogallol, on the other hand, afforded, besides the corresponding 3,4-dihydrocoumarins, viz. 8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylcoumarin (1t) and 7,8-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylcoumarin (1u), as the major products, 5,6-dihydroxy-3-phenylindanone (5b) and the chalcone 1-(2′,3′,4′-trihydroxy)-3-phenylpropan-2-en-1-one (3d), respectively, as minor products. But contrary to earlier observation, resorcinol was found to give 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylcoumarin (1v) instead of 7-hydroxyflavanone (4e). 2-Naphthol, on the other hand, afforded the chalcone derivative 1-|2′-hydroxynaphthyl|-3-phenylpropan-2-ene-1-one (7) as the exclusive product. The yields of the major products in the above reactions were 50-67% except that with phenol itself yielding 1r in 40% yield. The structures of all the products 1r, 1s, 1t, 1u, 1v, 3d, 5b and 7 were established from their various spectral (IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass) data. Evidence for plausible mechanisms of formation of the above products was provided.
