54491-23-5Relevant articles and documents
A Convenient Lactonization of 2- and 3-Cyclopropylalkanoic Acids to γ- and δ-Lactones
Sugahara, Kotoji,Fujita, Tsutomu,Watanabe, Shoji,Sakamoto, Masami,Sugimoto, Ken-ich
, p. 783 - 784 (1990)
A convenient preparative method of obtaining 2,2,4,5,5-pentaalkyl-δ-valerolactones 2a-d or 2,2,4,4-tetraalkyl-γ-butyrolactones 4a-e by the acid-catalyzed lactonization of 3-cyclopropylalkanoic acids, and for obtaining bicyclo-γ-lactones 6a-d from bicyclic 2-cyclopropylalkanoic acids 5a-d is presented.
Development of potent and selective indomethacin analogues for the inhibition of AKR1C3 (type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/prostaglandin F synthase) in castrate-resistant prostate cancer
Liedtke, Andy J.,Adeniji, Adegoke O.,Chen, Mo,Byrns, Michael C.,Jin, Yi,Christianson, David W.,Marnett, Lawrence J.,Penning, Trevor M.
supporting information, p. 2429 - 2446 (2013/05/09)
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal, metastatic form of prostate cancer. CRPC is characterized by reactivation of the androgen axis due to changes in androgen receptor signaling and/or adaptive intratumoral androgen biosynthesis. AKR1C3 is upregulated in CRPC where it catalyzes the formation of potent androgens. This makes AKR1C3 a target for the treatment of CRPC. AKR1C3 inhibitors should not inhibit AKR1C1/AKR1C2, which inactivate 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Indomethacin, used to inhibit cyclooxygenase, also inhibits AKR1C3 and displays selectivity over AKR1C1/AKR1C2. Parallel synthetic strategies were used to generate libraries of indomethacin analogues, which exhibit reduced cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity but retain AKR1C3 inhibitory potency and selectivity. The lead compounds inhibited AKR1C3 with nanomolar potency, displayed >100-fold selectivity over AKR1C1/AKR1C2, and blocked testosterone formation in LNCaP-AKR1C3 cells. The AKR1C3·NADP +·2′-des-methyl-indomethacin crystal structure was determined, and it revealed a unique inhibitor binding mode. The compounds reported are promising agents for the development of therapeutics for CRPC.
Intramolecular additions of alcohols and carboxylic acids to inert olefins catalyzed by silver(I) triflate
Yang, Cai-Guang,Reich, Nicholas W.,Shi, Zhangjie,He, Chuan
, p. 4553 - 4556 (2007/10/03)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Intramolecular additions of hydroxyl or carboxyl groups to inert olefins catalyzed by simple silver(I) triflate are described. Good to excellent yields can be obtained for a range of substrates under relatively mild conditions. This reaction represents one of the simplest methods to construct cyclic ethers or lactones.