54560-76-8

Upstream product

• 111-14-8 oenanthic acid 
• 95-53-4 o-toluidine 
• 111-25-1 1-bromo-hexane 
• 102-86-3 tri-n-hexylamine 
• 615-37-2 ortho-methylphenyl iodide 
• 111-26-2 hexan-1-amine 
• 95-46-5 2-methylphenyl bromide 
• 95-48-7 ortho-cresol 
• 42096-33-3 o-tolyl 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonate 
• 95-49-8 2-methylchlorobenzene 
• 128219-88-5 Hexyl-methyl-o-tolyl-amine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

CuI/2-Aminopyridine 1-Oxide Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides with Aliphatic Amines

A class of 2-aminopyridine 1-oxides are discovered to be effective ligands for the Cu-catalyzed amination of less reactive (hetero)aryl chlorides. A wide range of functionalized (hetero)aryl chlorides reacted with various aliphatic amines to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields under the catalyst of CuI/2-aminopyridine 1-oxides. Furthermore, the catalyst system worked well for the coupling of cyclic secondary amines and N-methyl benzylamine with (hetero)aryl chlorides.

Tandem Photoredox and Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp3)-N Coupling of Anilines and Imines Using an Organic Photocatalyst

An organic photoredox catalyst, 4CzIPN, was used in combination with a copper catalyst, CuCl, to effect decarboxylative C(sp3)-N coupling. The coupling worked with both anilines and imines as nitrogen sources and could be used to prepare a variety of alkyl amines from readily available alkyl carboxylic acids.

Selective N-alkylation of aromatic primary amines catalyzed by bio-catalyst or deep eutectic solvent

Biocatalysts or deep eutectic solvents (DES) are effective for selective N-alkylation of various aromatic primary amines. These methods avoided complexity of multiple alkylations giving products in good yields. Both DES and lipase can be recycled and re-used at least five times. In addition, these catalysts are biodegradable, non-toxic and cost-effective.

Microwave-promoted selective mono-n-alkylation of anilines with tertiary amines by heterogeneous catalysis

A palladium-catalyzed N-alkylation of anilines with tertiary amines that occurs under heterogeneous transfer-hydrogenation conditions has been developed (see scheme). This protocol of transamination, which uses a relatively cheap and easily recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, can be efficiently applied to different substrates and is suitable for large-scale preparations.

LIGANDS FOR TRANSITION-METAL-CATALYZED CROSS-COUPLINGS, AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

Ligands for transition metals are disclosed herein, which may be used in various transition-metal-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The disclosed methods provide improvements in many features of the transition-metal-catalyzed reactions, including the range of suitable substrates, number of catalyst turnovers, reaction conditions, and efficiency. For example, improvements have been realized in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

CuCl-catalyzed formation of C-N bond with a soluble base

Tetramethylammonium hydroxide was used as a base instead of a traditional inorganic base in this copper-catalyzed system and some satisfactory results were obtained. Various functional groups were compatible under this reaction condition.

[IrCl2Cp*(NHC)] complexes as highly versatile efficient catalysts for the cross-coupling of alcohols and amines

A comparative study on the catalytic activity of a series of [IrCl 2Cp*(NHC)] complexes in several C-O and C-N coupling processes implying hydrogen-borrowing mechanisms has been performed. The compound [IrCl2Cp*(InBu)] (Cp* = pentamethyl cyclopentadiene; InBu = 1,3-di-n-butylimidazolylidene) showed to be highly effective in the cross-coupling reactions of amines and alcohols, providing high yields in the production of unsymmetrical ethers and N-alkylated amines. A remarkable feature is that the processes were carried out in the absence of base, phosphine, or any other external additive. A comparative study with other known catalysts, such as Shvo's catalyst, is also reported.

A highly active catalyst for Pd-catalyzed amination reactions: Cross-coupling reactions using aryl mesylates and the highly selective monoarylation of primary amines using aryl chlorides

A catalyst system based on a new biarylmonophosphine ligand (BrettPhos) that shows excellent reactivity for C-N cross-coupling reactions is reported. This catalyst system enables the use of aryl mesylates as a coupling partner in C-N bond-forming reactions. Additionally, the use of BrettPhos permits the highly selective monoarylation of an array of primary aliphatic amines and anilines at low catalyst loadings and with fast reaction times, including the first monoarylation of methylamine. Lastly, oxidative addition complexes of BrettPhos are included, which provide insight into the origin of reactivity for this system. Copyright

(t-Bu)2PN=P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N: New efficient ligand for palladium-catalyzed C-N couplings of aryl and heteroaryl bromides and chlorides and for vinyl bromides at room temperature

(Chemical Equation Presented) By employing Pd(OAc)2, Cs 2CO3, or NaOH, and the new ligand (t-Bu) 2PN=P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N (3a), an electronically diverse array of aryl bromides and chlorides possessing base-sensitive substituents (nitro, ester, and keto) provide coupling products with bulky aryl amines in good to excellent yields. Aryl halides possessing other functional groups including cyano, amino, trifluoromethyl, and phenol, coupled with equal ease, producing highly functionalized amines in good to excellent yields. Moreover, an aryl chloro group can be preserved in the presence of a bromo substituent under our reaction conditions. BOC-protected amines also participated efficiently. Heterocyclic bromides and chlorides underwent clean couplings with amines in excellent yields. An important strength of our protocol is the use of lower palladium loadings than those reported earlier, without compromising yields. The air-stable palladium complex (η3-cinnamyl)PdCl·(3a) (5) was also employed successfully in C-N coupling reactions while the crotyl analogue was less efficacious. The 3a/Pd(OAc)2 catalyst system promotes, for the first time, efficient coupling of vinyl bromides with a variety of amines to produce imines and enamines at room temperature.

Palladium-catalyzed aminations of aryl halides with phosphine- functionalized imidazolium ligands

A series of 1-(2-diphenylphosphinoferrocenyl)ethyl-3-substituted imidazolium iodides [3-substituent = methyl (1a); isopropyl (1b); tert-butyl (1c); 1-adenosyl (1d); cyclohexyl (1e); 2,6-dimethylphenyl (1f); 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (1g); 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (1h)] have been prepared and evaluated as ligands in the palladium-catalyzed aminations of aryl halides with various amines. The scope of the coupling process was carried out for various aryl bromides and chlorides with the catalysts generated in situ from a mixture of Pd(OAc)2 and 1 in the presence of a base. NaOtBu was found the choice of base in combination with dioxane, toluene, or DME as solvent, although NaOH or Cs2CO3 promoted the coupling of 4-bromotoluene with morpholine in moderate conversion. The steric hindrance from the 3-substituent of imidazolium in the hybrid-bidentate chelating system was found to be only beneficial to the substrates without ortho-substituents. The more sterically hindered 1d or 1h promoted the coupling of bromobenzene with morpholine in nearly quantitative conversion with 0.2 mol% of palladium loading in the presence of NaOtBu at 110°C, and 94% of conversion was afforded with the less sterical demanding 1a for a longer time. However, for the substrates with ortho-substituents, higher conversions were achieved with 1a. The Pd(OAc)2/1d catalytic system was also active for deactivated aryl chloride, and 71% isolated yield for the desired product was realized for coupling of 4-chloroanisole with morpholine at 2 mol% of catalyst loading. The developed catalyst system has been applied successfully to the synthesis of a key building block for a type of functional polymers. The Royal Society of Chemistry.