54647-09-5Relevant articles and documents
Potent Nematicidal Activity of Maleimide Derivatives on Meloidogyne incognita
Eloh, Kodjo,Demurtas, Monica,Mura, Manuel Giacomo,Deplano, Alessandro,Onnis, Valentina,Sasanelli, Nicola,Maxia, Andrea,Caboni, Pierluigi
, p. 4876 - 4881 (2016/07/06)
Different maleimide derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their in vitro activity on the soil inhabiting, plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, also known as root-knot nematode. The compounds maleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N-isopropylmaleimide, and N-isobutylmaleimide showed the strongest nematicidal activity on the second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode with EC50/72h values of 2.6 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 3.4, 16.2 ± 5.4, and 19.0 ± 9.0 mg/L, respectively. We also determined the nematicidal activity of copper sulfate, finding an EC50 value of 48.6 ± 29.8 mg/L. When maleimide at 1 mg/L was tested in combination with copper sulfate at 50 mg/L, we observed 100% mortality of the nematodes. We performed a GC-MS metabolomics analysis after treating nematodes with maleimide at 8 mg/L for 24 h. This analysis revealed altered fatty acids and diglyceride metabolites such as oleic acid, palmitic acid, and 1-monopalmitin. Our results suggest that maleimide may be used as a new interesting building block for developing new nematicides in combination with copper salts.
Evaluation of N-aromatic maleimides as free radical photoinitiators: A photophysical and photopolymerization characterization
Miller, Chris W.,Sonny J?nsson,Hoyle, Charles E.,Viswanathan, Kalyanaraman,Valente, Edward J.
, p. 2707 - 2717 (2007/10/03)
Photopolymerizable compositions were prepared using acrylate monomers in combination with various N-aromatic maleimides. N-aromatic maleimides were segregated into two groups: those that could adopt a planar conformation and those that could not adopt a planar conformation. The maleimides were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, laser flash photolysis spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and photodifferential scanning calorimetry. Planar N-aromatic maleimides were found to have a low relative excited-state triplet yield, showing significant shift of the primary maleimide UV absorption band with changes in solvent polarity, and did not initiate free radial polymerization upon direct UV excitation. Twisted N-aromatic maleimides have a higher relative triplet yield, show negligible shift of the primary maleimide UV absorption band, with solvent polarity, and initiate free radical polymerization upon direct excitation. Addition of benzophenone was found to dramatically increase the initiation efficiency of both planar and twisted N-aromatic maleimides to levels approaching that of conventional cleavage photoinitiators.