5470-11-1 Usage
Description
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is a reducing agent that is routinely used for the deacetylation of SATA to form free sulfhydryls (Figure 1), for cleavage of protein cross‐linkers that contain carbonyl groups (i.e. EGS) and for mutagenesis of plasmid DNA.Hydroxylamine converts aldehydes and ketones (carbonyls) to their oxime derivative in weak bases, therefore cross‐linkers and other compounds with carbonyl groups are cleavable with Hydroxylamine hydrochloride.SATA and SATP are modification reagents that add a sulfhydryl group to primary amines on biomolecules. The initial modification results in the addition of an acetyl‐protected sulfur enabling storage of the biomolecule. To generate a free sulfhydryl the biomolecule is treated with hydroxylamine to remove the protecting acetyl group (see figure).EGS and sulfo‐EGS are homobifunctional, succinimidyl ester, amine reactive crosslinkers that are resistant to cleavage by denaturants used in SDS‐PAGE conditions, but may be cleaved with hydroxylamine.
Chemical Properties
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is an inorganic substance, a colorless crystalline, easily deliquescence, white chemical substance, mainly used as a reducing agent and an imaging agent, used in the preparation of oximes in organic synthesis, and also used in the synthesis of anticancer drugs (hydroxylamine hydrochloride). urea), sulfonamides (trimoxazole) and pesticides (methomyl). It has strong hygroscopicity and will decompose when it is damped above 151℃. At 17°C, 83.8g can be dissolved in 100g of water. This product is highly toxic and irritating to the skin. The production equipment should be sealed to prevent running, running, dripping and leaking, and operators should wear protective equipment. When splashed on the skin, rinse with plenty of water.
Physical properties
Colorless monoclinic crystals; hygroscopic; decomposes slowly in moist air;density 1.67 g/cm3at 17°C; melts at 151°C (decomposes); highly soluble inwater (84g/100g at 20°C); soluble in lower alcohols and glycols; pH of 0.1molar solution 3.4.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 5470-11-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is a monomoamine oxidase inhibitor. It is used to prepare oximes and hydroxmic acids in organic synthesis. It acts as a copolymerization inhibitor. It can be used to remove bromine and polybromide from a solution during extraction of lignin from lignocellulosic biomass. It is key starting material for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. It plays a vital role in rubber and plastic industries as an antioxidant, a vulcanization accelerator and a radical scavenger. It is also used as a color stabilizer and emulsion additive in color films.
2. Hydroxylammonium-chloride is a reducing agent in photography; in synthetic and analytical chemistry; as an antioxidant for fatty acids and soaps; in textiles;
in medicine; controlled reduction reactions; non-discoloring short stoppers for synthetic rubbers; reagent for enzyme reactivation;
powerful reducing agent; converts aldehydes and ketones to oximes and acid chlorides to hydroxamic acids; catalyst, swelling agent,
and copolymerization inhibitor in polymerization processes; in floor lacquers and as an antioxidant for fatty acids and soaps.
Preparation
Different sources of media describe the Preparation of 5470-11-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Sodium nitrite synthesis method (oximation method) Add water to the reaction kettle, add sodium nitrite under stirring, add sodium metabisulfite in stages, and then acidify with sulfuric acid. The acidified material is sent to the hydrolysis kettle, acetone is added, neutralized with liquid caustic soda, and the neutralized liquid is distilled to obtain acetone oxime. Acetone oxime and hydrochloric acid are added to the salt-forming kettle for reaction to generate hydroxylamine hydrochloride and acetone. Acetone is recovered and used; hydroxylamine hydrochloride is concentrated, crystallized by cooling, centrifuged and dried to obtain the finished product. Raw material consumption quota: sodium nitrite (95%) 1970kg/t, sodium metabisulfite (64% as SO2) 5418kg/t, acetone (98%) 1175kg/t. 2. Nitromethane method Nitromethane reacts with hydrochloric acid and water to obtain hydroxylamine hydrochloride. According to HGB3044-76, the hydroxylamine hydrochloride product is white crystal, the content of the second-grade product is ≥98.5, and the content of the third-grade product is ≥97%. Raw material consumption quota: nitromethane 1200kg/t, hydrochloric acid (30%) 1500kg/t. Or by the action of nitromethane with hydrochloric acid and water to obtain hydroxylamine hydrochloride.
2. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is prepared by electrolytic reduction ofammonium chloride.
Biotechnological Applications
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is a strong reducing agent that is useful in biochemical crosslinking applications, including the deacetylation of SATA and chemical cleavage of EGS and Sulfo-EGS. Hydroxylamine converts carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) to their oxime derivatives in the presence of a weak base. Therefore, crosslinkers and other compounds that contain a carbonyl within their structure are cleavable with hydroxylamine?HCl.
EGS and its water-soluble analog, Sulfo-EGS, are homobifunctional, succinimidyl ester, amine-reactive crosslinkers useful for covalent stabilization of polypeptide multimers and protein:protein interactions. Unlike disulfidecontaining crosslinkers, EGS and Sulfo-EGS will not cleave by reducing SDS-PAGE conditions but may be cleaved when necessary with hydroxylamine.
SATA and SATP are modification reagents for addition of sulfhydryl groups to proteins and other molecules containing primary amines. Such sulfhydryl addition is an important step in one popular method for preparing protein conjugates such as antibodies with horseradish peroxidase enzyme. The initial modification results in addition of an acetyl-protected sulfur, enabling storage of the modified protein; to make the sulfur available as a sulhydryl group (-SH) for the final conjugation reaction, hydroxylamine is used to remove the protecting acetyl group.
Hydroxylamine?HCl is more stable to oxidation than the free base form of hydroxylamine; nevertheless, always prepare hydroxylamine solutions immediately before use and store the product desiccated. Hydroxylamine?HCl is soluble in polar solvents such as water, ethanol, methanol, glycerol and propylene glycol.
General Description
Hydroxylamine hydrochloride appears as colorless or off-white crystalline solid. pH (0.1 molar aqueous solution) 3.4. pH (0.2 molar aqueous solution) 3.2. (NTP, 1992)
Air & Water Reactions
Hygroscopic. Sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Water soluble. Reacts slowly with water.
Reactivity Profile
A powerful reducing agent. Reacts with bases and oxidizing agents.
Fire Hazard
Flash point data for Hydroxylamine hydrochloride are not available; however, Hydroxylamine hydrochloride is probably combustible.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Biochem/physiol Actions
MAO inhibitor; inhibits platelet aggregation.
Contact allergens
Hydroxylamine and its salts are used in various
branches of industry, as reducing agents in color film
developers or as reagents in laboratories.
Purification Methods
Crystallise the salt from aqueous75% ethanol or boiling methanol, and dry it under vacuum over CaSO4 or P2O5. It has also been dissolved in a minimum of water and saturated with HCl; after three such crystallisations, it is dried under a vacuum over CaCl2 and NaOH. Its solubility at 20o is 85% in H2O, 6% in EtOH and 12% in MeOH. [Hurd Inorg Synth I 87 1939, Semon in Org Synth Coll Vol I 318 1941.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 5470-11-1 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 5,4,7 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 5470-11:
(6*5)+(5*4)+(4*7)+(3*0)+(2*1)+(1*1)=81
81 % 10 = 1
So 5470-11-1 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/ClH.H3NO/c;1-2/h1H;2H,1H2
5470-11-1Relevant articles and documents
Pauling, L.,Hendricks, S. B.
, p. 641 - 651 (1926)
Rollefson, G. K.,Oldershaw, C. F.
, p. 977 (1932)
MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES AS THERANOSTIC AGENTS
-
, (2012/12/14)
The present invention relates to magnetic nanostructures as theranostic agents, which provide dual function as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. In particular, the present invention relates to compositions comprising magnetic nanostructures and their use as targeted therapeutic agents for cancers (e.g., medulloblastoma) and Alzheimer's disease and related diseases and conditions.
Composition for the treatment of damaged tissue
-
, (2008/06/13)
A pharmaceutical for use in damaged tissue, such as wound, treatment (e.g. healing) is described. The pharmaceutical comprising a composition which comprises: (a) a growth factor; and (b) an inhibitor agent; and optionally (c) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient; wherein the inhibitor agent can inhibit the action of at least one specific adverse protein (e.g. a specific protease) that is upregulated in a damaged tissue, such as a wound, environment.