54715-54-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Effect of acetonitrile-water mixtures on the reaction of dinitrochlorobenzene and dinitrochlorobenzo-trifluoride with hydroxide ion
El-Mallah,Senior,Nabil,Ramadan,Hamed
experimental part, p. 453 - 463 (2011/04/12)
The kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride 1 and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 2 were studied in various acetonitrile-water (AN-H2O) mixtures (10-90% w/w) at different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters ΔH# and ΔS# show great variation, whereas ΔG# appears to vary little with the solvent composition presumably due to compensating variations. The results are discussed in terms of the solvent parameters such as preferential solvation, dielectric constant, polarity/polarizability, and hydrogen bond donor and acceptor parameters. It has been found that the factors controlling the reaction rates are the desolvation of OH-, the solvophobicity of the medium, and free water molecules in rich AN mixed solvent. The data showed that the solvatochromic parameters of (AN-H2O) mixed solvent are destroyed in the presence of excess OH-.
o-Nitroaniline derivatives - 13. Reactions of N-(o-nitroaryl)sarcosine esters with bases
Collins,McFarlane,Mackie,Smith
, p. 7887 - 7898 (2007/10/02)
The title reactions give 1-hydroxy-4-methylquinoxaline-2,3-diones (4) together with a variety of mono- and bi-cyclic byproducts. All of these may result from a common intermediate, viz. a 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-2,1,4-benzoxadiazine-3-carboxylat
