55304-19-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Addition of HO-Acids to N,N-Bis(oxy)enamines: Mechanism, Scope and Application to the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
Naumovich, Yana A.,Golovanov, Ivan S.,Sukhorukov, Alexey Yu.,Ioffe, Sema L.
, p. 6209 - 6227 (2017/11/15)
The regioselectivity of the addition of HO-acids to the activated π bond in N,N-bis(oxy)enamines has been found to be dramatically dependent upon the solvent. Mechanistic investigations and quantum-chemical calculations revealed that solvent affects the reaction pathway. In basic solvents (DMF, NMP, DMSO), N,N-bis(oxy)enamines were converted into nitrosoalkenes by a Lewis base promoted process followed by oxy-Michael addition of the HO-acid. In non-polar solvents (toluene, CH2Cl2), the reaction occurs by an acid-promoted SN′ substitution of the N-oxy-group via a highly reactive N-vinyl-N-alkoxynitrenium species. Based on these studies, general and efficient protocols for the oximinoalkylation of various HO-acids (carboxylic acids, phenols, hydroxamic, phosphoric and sulfonic acids) employing readily available N,N-bis(oxy)enamines were developed. These methods proved to be applicable to the post-modification of natural molecules bearing acidic OH groups (such as steroidal hormones, bile acids, protected amino acids and peptides) and ligands (BINOL). The resulting α-oxyoximes were demonstrated to be useful precursors of valuable 1,2-amino alcohol or 1,2-hydroxylamino alcohol derivatives, including the antiarrhythmic drug Mexiletine and a potent matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor.
A practical and efficient route for the highly enantioselective synthesis of mexiletine analogues and novel β-thiophenoxy and pyridyl ethers
Huang, Kun,Ortiz-Marciales, Margarita,Stepanenko, Viatcheslav,De Jesus, Melvin,Correa, Wildeliz
, p. 6928 - 6931 (2008/12/22)
(Chemical Equation Presented) A practical and efficient procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of mexiletine analogues with use of 10% of spiroborate ester 6 as chirality transfer agent is presented. A variety of mexiletine analogues were prepared in good yield with excellent enantioselectivities (91-97% ee) from readily available starting materials. The developed methodology was also successfully applied for the synthesis of novel β-amino ethers containing thiophenyl and pyridyl fragments.
