57264-55-8

Upstream product

• 108-43-0 3-monochlorophenol 
• 627-30-5 1-chloro-3-hydroxypropane 
• 108-37-2 1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene 
• 504-63-2 trimethyleneglycol 

Downstream Products

• 57264-56-9 3-(m-chlorophenoxy)propanol, methanesulfonate ester 
• 958358-52-6 C₁₆H₁₄ClN₃O₃ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acids as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/δ agonists We dedicate this article to Professor Young-Ger Suh on the occasion of his retirement.

Abstract A series of alkoxy-3-indolylacetic acid analogs has been discovered as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. Structure-activity relationship study indicated that PPARα/γ/δ activities were dependent on the nature of the hydrophobic group, the attachment position of the alkoxy linker to the indole ring, and N-alkylation of indole nitrogen. Some compounds presented significant PPARγ/δ activity and molecular modeling suggested their putative binding modes in the ligand binding domain of PPARγ. Of these, compound 51 was selected for in vivo study via an evaluation of microsomal stability in mouse and human liver. Compound 51 lowered the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HbA1c without gain in body weight in db/db mice. When compound 51 was treated, hepatic triglycerides level and the size of adipocytes in white adipose tissue of db/db mice were also reduced as opposed to treatment with rosiglitazone. Taken together, compound 51 shows high potential warranting further studies in models for diabetes and related metabolic disorders and may be in use as a chemical tool for the understanding of PPAR biology.

Copper(ii)-catalyzed C-O coupling of aryl bromides with aliphatic diols: Synthesis of ethers, phenols, and benzo-fused cyclic ethers

A highly efficient copper-catalyzed C-O cross-coupling reaction between aryl bromides and aliphatic diols has been developed employing a cheaper, more efficient, and easily removable copper(ii) catalyst. A broad range of aryl bromides were coupled with aliphatic diols of different lengths using 5 mol% CuCl2 and 3 equivalents of K2CO3 in the absence of any other ligands or solvents to afford the corresponding hydroxyalkyl aryl ethers in good to excellent yields. In this newly developed protocol, aliphatic diols have multilateral functions as coupling reactants, ligands, and solvents. The resulting hydroxyalkyl aryl ethers were further readily converted into the corresponding phenols, presenting a valuable alternative way to phenols from aryl bromides. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that they are useful intermediates for more advanced molecules such as benzofurans and benzo-fused cyclic ethers. This journal is

Pyrido pyrimidinones as selective agonists of the high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A: Optimization of in vitro activity

Pyrido pyrimidinones are selective agonists of the human high affinity niacin receptor GPR109A (HM74A). They show no activity on the highly homologous low affinity receptor GPR109B (HM74). Starting from a high throughput screening hit the in vitro activity of the pyrido pyrimidinones was significantly improved providing lead compounds suitable for further optimization.

Reactions of γ-arylalkanols via aryl radical cation and alkoxyl radical intermediates. Part 3. Reactions of 3-arylprop-1-yl hydroperoxides with iron(II) in the presence of copper(II)

A strategy for comparing the 1,5- and 1,6-cyclisation reactions of 3-phenylpropan-1-oxyl radicals is described.Iron(II)-catalysed reduction of 3-(p-methylphenyl)prop-1-yl hydroperoxide and its para-chloro and para-methoxy-substituted analogues, carried out in the presence of copper(II), has been found to give in each case the appropriate para-substituted 3-phenylpropan-1-ol, 3-phenylpropanal and a low yield of a mixture of isomeric 6- and 7-substituted chromans.The alcohols are proposed to form via reduction of either the hydroperoxide or the resulting alkoxyl radical or its cyclised intermediates, and the aldehydes as a result of rearrangement of the alkoxyl radical to an α-hydroxy alkyl radical which subsequently undergoes oxidation.The 7-substituted chromans, which arise directly from 1,6-cyclisation of the alkoxyl radical, were found to dominate the 6-substituted isomers which result from rearrangement of 1,5-cyclised intermediates.This effect is attributed to inefficient interception of the 1,5-cyclised radical intermediate which permits equilibration to the thermodynamically more stable 1,6-cyclised radical isomer to occur.The effect of pH on the reactions has been investigated and although no products typical of the intermediacy of aryl radical cations were detected (even under highly acidic conditions), the formation of such intermediates cannot be excluded.Semiempirical MO calculations have been carried out (at the PM3 level of approximation) on a series of model compounds, yielding results which have clarified our understanding of the effect of substituents on the stabilities of the various intermediates arising from the cyclisation reactions of 3-phenylpropan-1-oxyl radicals.Furthermore, these calculations have supported our assumptions regarding the probability and specificity of rearrangements of the spirodienyl intermediates.