57821-75-7

Upstream product

• 2039-89-6 2,5-dimethylstyrene 
• 1453-06-1 4-(p-xylyl)butyric acid 
• 106-42-3 para-xylene 
• 5394-59-2 4-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Indium-Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Lactones into Thiolactones and Selenolactones in the Presence of Elemental Sulfur and Selenium

The direct conversion of lactones into thiolactones with elemental sulfur (S 8) catalyzed by InCl 3 /PhSiH 3 in a one-pot reaction is described. This catalytic system was successfully applied to the novel preparation of selenolactones from lactones and selenium.

Gallium-catalyzed reductive lactonization of γ-keto acids with a hydrosilane

Described herein is the GaCl3-catalyzed lactonization of γ-keto carboxylic acids in the presence of PhSiH3 leading to the direct preparation of γ-lactone derivatives. This reducing system showed a relatively wide functional group tolerance.

Direct synthesis of γ-butyrolactones via γ-phenyl substituted butyric acids mediated benzyl radical cyclization

Synthesis of several γ-butyrolactones with aromatic substitution at carbon 5 from comparative γ-aryl acids with 25-85% yield are covered. The straight oxidation in the presence of peroxydisulphate-copper(II)chloride system in aqueous medium was applied. The reaction is highly regioselective and leads exclusively to γ-butyrolactone, through stable benzylic radical intermediate.