58650-48-9

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Synthesis:
4-Isopropylimidazole is used as a catalyst for the rate acceleration of imidazole-promoted Baylis-Hillman reactions involving cyclic enones and aldehydes in basic aqueous solutions. This application takes advantage of its ability to facilitate the formation of the desired products, thereby increasing the efficiency and speed of the reaction process.

Upstream product

• 77287-34-4 formamide 
• 19967-55-6 1-bromo-3-methyl-2-butanone 
• 3473-63-0 formamidine acetic acid 
• 78-82-0 Isobutyronitrile 
• 30718-17-3 trimethylsilylmethyl isocyanide 

Downstream Products

• 154385-47-4 1-ethyl-4-isopropylimidazole 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

GLUCAGON RECEPTOR MODULATORS

The present invention provides a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R1, R2, R3, A1, A2, A3, A4, L, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are as defined herein. The compounds of Formula I have been found to act as glucagon antagonists or inverse agonists. Consequently, the compounds of Formula I and the pharmaceutical compositions thereof are useful for the treatment of diseases, disorders, or conditions mediated by glucagon.

Process for the synthesis of imidazoles

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of imidazoles by reacting a cyano compound with a silylalkylisocyanide compound. Such imidazoles are useful pharmacologically-active compounds and/or intermediates for the preparation of pharmacologically-active compounds.

Concentration and basicity of histamine rotamers

A method was developed and applied to determine the populations and site- and conformer-specific basicities of histamine rotamers in three distinct states of protonation. The method that has been developed also allows the determination of molecule- and po

Structural and functional models for the dicopper site in hemocyanin. Dioxygen binding by copper complexes of tris(1-R-4-R′-imidazolyl-kN)phosphines

Complexes of the type [CuI(T1Et4RIP)]X (T1Et4RIP = tris(1-ethyl-4-R-imidazolyl)phosphine (R = methyl (Me), isopropyl (iPr)); X = PF6, ClO4, CF3SO3), in which T1Et4RIP functions as a tridentate nitrogen donor ligand, were prepared by Lewis acid-base reactions between [CuICH3CN)4]X and T1E14RIP in dry, degassed solvents. The colorless acetonitrile adducts, [CuI(T1Et4RIP)(CH3CN)]X, were obtained by crystallization from acetontrile. The complex with R = iPr and X = PF6 crystallizes in the space group I213 with a = b = c = 18.912(2) ? and Z = 8. The refinement converged with a final R (Rw) value of 0.075 (0.098) for 988 reflections with F > 3σ(Fo). The CuI is coordinated in a trigonally distorted tetrahedral fashion to three imidazolyl nitrogen atoms at 2.08 ? and one acetonitrile nitrogen atom at 1.90 ? . Exposure of dry solutions of these CuI complexes to O2 below -60 °C resulted in an isolable purple species with spectroscopic and magnetic properties characteristic of (μ-η2:η2-peroxo)-dicopper(II) complexes. The representative complex analyzing for {[Cu(T1Et4MeIP)]2(O2)}(PF6)2 has the following approximate values: diamagnetic; UV-vis, 338 nm (∈ = 19 000 M-1 cm-1), 521 nm (∈ = 1000 M-1 cm-1); υ-(O-O), 740 cm-1. The Cu X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum of this complex with X = ClO4 was best fit with a Cu scatterer at 3.48 ? , two O (or N) scatterers at 1.94 ?, and two sets of N (or O) scatterers: two at 2.05 ? and one at 2.30 ?. These spectroscopic, magnetic, and structural properties are characteristic of (μ-η2:η2-peroxo)dicopper(II) complexes having a planar Cu2O2 core and terminal nitrogen donor ligands, including the dicopper site in oxyhemocyanin. The [CuI(T1Et4RIP)(CH3CN)]X complexes with R = iPr react with O2 at - 78 °C to produce dioxygen adducts with spectroscopic and magnetic properties very similar to those listed above for R = Me. The complexes with R = iPr, upon repeated thermal cycling between -78 and ≈-20 °C in methanol, exhibit reversible binding of dioxygen. This process can be readily monitored by the characteristic visible absorption spectrum of the dioxygen adduct. Thus, copper complexes of tris(imidazolyl)phosphines with 1,4-disubstituted imidazolyl groups have been successfully used to model spectroscopic, magnetic, structural, and functional properties of the dicopper site in hemocyanin.

Imidazole compounds and biocidal composition comprising the same for controlling harmful organisms

Novel imidazole compounds are disclosed, which are represented by the following general formula: STR1 wherein: R1 represents a cyano group or a --CSNHR5 group, wherein R5 represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl group, or a --COR6 group, wherein R6 represents a C1-4 alkyl group, a halogenated C1-4 alkyl group, or a phenyl group; R2 and R3 each represents a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom; a nitro group; a cyano group; a trimethylsilyl group; a C3-6 cycloalkyl group; a naphthyl group; a C1-12 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, acetoxy groups, C1-4 alkoxy groups, halogenated C1-4 alkoxy groups, phenyl groups, halogenated phenyl groups, or C1-4 alkylated phenyl groups; a C2-10 alkenyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a C1-6 alkoxy group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a phenyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, C1-4 alkyl groups, halogenated C1-4 alkyl groups, C1-4 alkoxy groups, halogenated C1-4 alkoxy groups, C1-4 alkylthio groups, halogenated C1-4 alkylthio groups, nitro groups, cyano groups, or 3,4-methylenedioxy groups; a furyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or C1-4 alkyl groups; a thienyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or C1-4 alkyl groups; a pyridyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms or C1-4 alkyl groups; an --SOn R7 group, wherein R7 represents a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, a phenyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, a benzyl group, a pyridyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, C1-4 alkyl groups, or halogenated C1-4 alkyl groups; or an --NR8 R9 group, wherein R8 and R9 each represents a C1-4 alkyl group, and n is 0, 1, or 2; or a --CO(NH)m R10 group, wherein R10 represents a C1-4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, a C1-4 alkoxy group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, or a phenyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; and m is 0 or 1; and R4 represents a C1-6 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms; a C3-6 cycloalkyl group; a phenyl group; a thienyl group; or an --NR11 R12 group, wherein R11 and R12 each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-4 alkyl group which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen atoms, a C2-4 alkenyl group, or R11 and R12 are combined with each other together with a nitrogen atoms adjacent thereto to form a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, a morpholino group, or a thiomorpholino group, provided that R11 and R12 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom; provided that R2 and R3 are not simultaneously a halogen atom. The compounds are effective as biocides.