59346-69-9Relevant articles and documents
Halogenation of cubane under phase-transfer conditions: Single and double C - H-bond substitution with conservation of the cage structure
Fokin,Lauenstein,Gunchenko,Schreiner
, p. 1842 - 1847 (2001)
The first highly selective C - H chlorination, bromination, and iodination of cubane (1) utilizing polyhalomethanes as halogen sources under phase-transfer (PT) conditions is described. Isomeric dihalocubanes with all possible combinations of chlorine, bromine, and iodine in ortho, meta, and para positions were also prepared by this method; m-dihalo products form preferentially. Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to rationalize the pronounced differences in the reactions of 1 with halogen (Hal·) vs carbon-centered trihalomethyl (Hal3C·) radicals (Hal = Cl, Br), For Hal3C radicals the C - H abstraction pathway is less unfavorable (ΔG?298 = 21.6 kcal/mol for C3C· and 19.4 kcal/mol for Br3C· at B3LYP/6-311+G**//B3LYP/6-31G**) than the fragmentation of the cubane skeleton via SH2-attack on one of the carbon atoms of 1 (ΔG?298 = 33.8 and 35.1 kcal/mol, respectively). In stark contrast, the reaction of 1 with halogen atoms preferentially follows the fragmentation pathway (ΔG?298 = 2.1 and 7.5 kcal/mol) and C - H abstraction is more unfavorable (ΔG?298 = 4.6 and 12.0 kcal/mol). Our computational results nicely agree with the behavior of 1 under PT halogenation conditions (where Hal3C· is involved in the activation step) and under free-radical photohalogenation with Hal2 (Della E. W., et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10730). The incorporation of a second halogen atom preferentially in the meta position of halocubanes demonstrates the control of the regioselectivity by molecular orbital symmetry.
Synthesis of Bridgehead Halides by Barton Halodecarboxylation
Della, Ernest W.,Tsanaktsidis, John
, p. 61 - 69 (2007/10/02)
Bridgehead carboxylic acids can be converted into their corresponding chlorides very efficiently under Barton halodecarboxylation conditions.Addition of the acid chloride to a suspension of the sodium salt of 1-hydroxypyridine-2(1H)-thione in boiling carbon tetrachloride under irradiation leads to excellent yields of the bridgehead chloride via the derived thiohydroxamic ester.In a useful modification for the synthesis of volatile halides, either 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane or trichlorofluoromethane can be employed as substitute solvents.It is found that the Barton procedure is applicable to the synthesis of labile bromides such as 1-bromobicycloheptane for which the usual Hunsdiecker reaction fails.For these, and other brominations, 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane ('Halothane') is shown to function as an efficient solvent/bromine atom donor.