59880-97-6

Usage

Uses

Used in Medical and Biological Research:
TYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE is used as a chemotactin peptide for inducing leucocyte chemotaxis and activating macrophages. This application is particularly relevant in the study of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and neutrophils, as it helps researchers understand the signaling pathways and immune responses involved in these processes.
Used in Chemotaxis Assays:
In the field of cellular biology, TYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE is used as a key component in chemotaxis assays, such as the Zigmond chamber chemotaxis assay performed on neutrophils. These assays are crucial for determining the involvement of specific signaling molecules, like MAPK-activating protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK-2) and/or p38, in the signaling pathways of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) stimulated by N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
TYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE is also utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of drugs targeting various medical conditions. Its role in inducing leucocyte chemotaxis and activating macrophages makes it a potential candidate for the treatment of immune-related disorders and inflammatory diseases.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Potent chemotactic peptide. Induces a metabolic burst in macrophages accompanied by an increase in respiratory rate, secretion of lysosomal enzymes, and production of superoxide anion.

InChI:InChI=1/C21H31N3O5S/c1-14(2)11-17(23-19(26)16(22-13-25)9-10-30-3)20(27)24-18(21(28)29)12-15-7-5-4-6-8-15/h4-8,13-14,16-18H,9-12H2,1-3H3,(H,22,25)(H,23,26)(H,24,27)(H,28,29)/t16-,17-,18-/m0/s1

Upstream product

• 119706-26-2 For-Met-Leu-Phe-OBg 
• 64-18-6 formic acid 
• 13139-15-6 N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-leucine 
• 2488-15-5 N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-methionine 
• 259106-70-2 N-tert-butyloxycarbonylphenylalanine 3,4'-O-isopropylidene-5'-pyridoxyl ester 
• 3392-09-4 Boc-Leu-ONSu 
• 119724-65-1 Met-Leu-Phe-OBg 
• 1738-78-9 L-phenylalanine benzyl ester p-toluene-sulfonic acid salt 
• 70637-27-3 Leu-Phe-OBzl 
• 77543-00-1 N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine methyl ester 
• 70637-32-0 formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-OCH₂C₆H₅ 
• 1738-77-8 L-leucine benzyl ester p-toluenesulfonate 
• 70637-29-5 Boc-Met-Leu-Phe-OCH₂C₆H₅ 
• 70637-30-8 H-Met-Leu-Phe-O-CH₂C₆H₅ 

Downstream Products

• 1204605-14-0 for-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys(Phe-Leu-Met-for)-εLys(OMe)-Phe-Leu-Met-for 
• 1204605-12-8 for-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys[γ-Asp(OMe)-Phe-Leu-Met-for]-OMe 
• 1204605-15-1 for-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys(Phe-Leu-Met-for)-Lys(Phe-Leu-Met-for)-OMe 
• 1204605-13-9 for-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys(Phe-Leu-Met-for)-OMe 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

SYNTHETIC INNATE IMMUNE RECEPTOR LIGANDS AND USES THEREOF

An adjuvant formulation includes a monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA) analogue, a Pam3CSK4 analogue, or a muramyldipeptide (MDP) analogue, or combinations thereof. The adjuvant may be formulated in soluble form or in a nanoparticle, such as polylactic glycolic acid nanoparticles. A vaccine formulation comprises the adjuvant formulation and an immunogen. Methods of vaccinating an animal include delivering the vaccine formulation to the animal.

Formyloxyacetoxyphenylmethane as an N-Formylating Reagent for Amines, Amino Acids, and Peptides

Formyloxyacetoxyphenylmethane is a stable, water-tolerant, N-formylating reagent for primary and secondary amines that can be used under solvent-free conditions at room temperature to prepare a range of N-formamides, N-formylanilines, N-formyl-α-amino acids, N-formylpeptides, and an isocyanide.

Amino acid pyridoxyl esters in peptide synthesis

Pyridoxyl residue was suggested to be used as a multifunctional protective and modifying group in peptide synthesis. The modification was carried out by introducing the pyridoxyl residue in free or partially protected peptides or by the addition of amino

Peptide-metal ion pharmaceutical preparation and method

Peptides containing a biological-function domain and a medically useful metal ion-binding domain are labeled with medically useful metal ions for use in diagnosis and treatment of a variety of pathologic conditions. The peptides have the amino acid sequence (R1)-[Y1 ]n -(R2), (R1)-[Y1 -(R2)-Y1 ]n -(R3) and (R1)-[Y1 -(R2)-Y2 ]n -(R3) wherein the medically useful metal ion-binding domain is [Y1 ]n, [Y1 -(R2)-Y1 ]n or [Y1 -(R2)-Y2 ]n in which n is a number between 1 and about 6 and Y1 and Y2 are amino acids with a sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen which is available for binding to metal ions, or can be made available for binding to metal ions; the biological-function domain is an amino acid sequence containing from 1 to about 20 amino acids located in any one or more of R1, R2 or R3 ; and those portions of R1, R2 and R3 which are not part of the biological-function domain are amino acid sequences containing from 0 to about 20 amino acids. The resulting product may be stored frozen or lyophilized, with labeling accomplished by the addition of the medically useful metal ions. The medically useful metal ion may be radioactive or paramagnetic, with diagnosis performed by gamma scintigraphy, specific photon emission computerized tomography, positron emission tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.

N-BENZHYDRYL-GLYCOLAMIDE ESTERS (OBg ESTERS) AS CARBOXYL PROTECTING GROUPS IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

N-benzhydryl-glycolamide esters (OBg esters) of various N-protected amino acids have been synthesized.In order to demonstrate their usefulness in peptide chemistry, the syntheses of For-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (chemiotactic peptide) and Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF) have been carried out.OBg esters are compatible with commonly used protecting groups and are cleanly and selectively removed in mild alkaline conditions without any side reaction, except for β-benzyl aspartyl containing sequences.

ON THE USE OF CARBOXAMIDOMETHYL ESTERS ( CAM ESTERS ) IN THE SYNTHESIS OF MODEL PEPTIDES. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The usefulness of carboxamidomethyl esters ( CAM esters ) as a carboxyl protecting group for peptide synthesis was demonstrated.The synthesis of the chemotactic peptide For-Met-Leu-Phe-OH as well as the synthesis of Met-enkephalin using CAM ester as carbo