6027-71-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Characterization of archaeological beeswax by electron ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Garnier, Nicolas,Cren-Olive, Cecile,Rolando, Christian,Regert, Martine
, p. 4868 - 4877 (2002)
To better detect and identify beeswax in ancient organic residues from archaeological remains, we developed a new analytical methodology consisting of the analysis of (i) the trimethylsilylated organic extract by GC/MS and (ii) the crude extract by ESI-MS. Selective scanning modes, such as SIM or MRM, permit separate quantification of each chemical family (fatty acids, monoesters, monohydroxyesters, and diesters) and allow an improvement in sensitivity and selectivity, allowing the crude extract to be treated without further purification. GC/MS (SIM) was revealed to be a powerful method for the detection of components, with a detection limit down to a total lipid extract in the range of ~50 ng in a complex matrix, such as archaeological degraded material, whereas ESI-MS/MS is instead used for the detection of nonvolatile biomarkers. Identification by GC/MS (SIM) and ESI-MS/MS (MRM) of more than 50 biomarkers of beeswax in an Etruscan cup at the parts-per-million level provides the first evidence for the use of this material by the Etruscans as fuel or as a waterproof coating for ceramics.
Chemical Structure of Long-Chain Esters from "Sansa" Olive Oil
Bianchi, Giorgio,Tava, Aldo,Vlahov, Giovanna,Pozzi, Nicoletta
, p. 365 - 370 (1994)
The major objective of this study was to determine the chemical structure of long-chain esters present in lower-grade olive oil.The classes of esters composing the hexane-diethyl ether (99:1) extract of the wax fraction from a pomace olive oil were: (i) esters of oleic acid with C1-C6 alcohols, (ii) esters of oleic acid with long chain aliphatic alcohols in the range C22-C28 and (iii) benzyl alcohol esters of the very long-chain saturated fatty acids C26 and C28.The analysis and the structure assignments were carried out by gas chromatography coupled withmass spectrometry and by comparison with synthetic authentic model compounds.This work provided precise data on the chemical nature of the wax esters present in olive oil and should represent a means to detect adulteration of higher-grade olive oil with less expensive pomace olive oil and seed oils.Key words: Benzyl alcohol esters, GC-MS, long-chain aliphatic esters, olive oil, olive oil wax esters.
