60639-52-3

Upstream product

• 606-21-3 1-chloro-2,6-dinitrobenzene 
• 5910-19-0 N-methyl-2,6-dinitroaniline 

Downstream Products

• 851886-85-6 1-(3-amino-2-methylaminophenyl)-3-mesitylthiourea 
• 851886-86-7 N²-mesityl-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-2,7-diamine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Discovery of selective fragment-sized immunoproteasome inhibitors

Proteasomes contribute to maintaining protein homeostasis and their inhibition is beneficial in certain types of cancer and in autoimmune diseases. However, the inhibition of the proteasomes in healthy cells leads to unwanted side-effects and significant effort has been made to identify inhibitors specific for the immunoproteasome, especially to treat diseases which manifest increased levels and activity of this proteasome isoform. Here, we report our efforts to discover fragment-sized inhibitors of the human immunoproteasome. The screening of an in-house library of structurally diverse fragments resulted in the identification of benzo[d]oxazole-2(3H)-thiones, benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thiones, benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thiones, and 1-methylbenzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (with a general term benzoXazole-2(3H)-thiones) as inhibitors of the chymotrypsin-like (β5i) subunit of the immunoproteasome. A subsequent structure-activity relationship study provided us with an insight regarding growing vectors. Binding to the β5i subunit was shown and selectivity against the β5 subunit of the constitutive proteasome was determined. Thorough characterization of these compounds suggested that they inhibit the immunoproteasome by forming a disulfide bond with the Cys48 available specifically in the β5i active site. To obtain fragments with biologically more tractable covalent interactions, we performed a warhead scan, which yielded benzoXazole-2-carbonitriles as promising starting points for the development of selective immunoproteasome inhibitors with non-peptidic scaffolds.

Design and Synthesis of Benzimidazoles As Novel Corticotropin-Releasing Factor 1 Receptor Antagonists

Benzazole derivatives with a flexible aryl group bonded through a one-atom linker as a new scaffold for a corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. We expected that structural diversity could be expanded beyond that of reported CRF1 receptor antagonists. In a structure-activity relationship study, 4-chloro-N2-(4-chloro-2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl)-1-methyl-N7,N7-dipropyl-1H-benzimidazole-2,7-diamine 29g had the most potent binding activity against a human CRF1 receptor and the antagonistic activity (IC50 = 9.5 and 88 nM, respectively) without concerns regarding cytotoxicity at 30 μM. Potent CRF1 receptor-binding activity in brain in an ex vivo test and suppression of stress-induced activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis were also observed at 138 μmol/kg of compound 29g after oral administration in mice. Thus, the newly designed benzimidazole 29g showed in vivo CRF1 receptor antagonistic activity and good brain penetration, indicating that it is a promising lead for CRF1 receptor antagonist drug discovery research.

Discovery of a 7-arylaminobenzimidazole series as novel CRF1receptor antagonists

A promising lead compound 1 of a benzimidazole series has been identified as a corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist. In this study, we focused on replacement of a 7-alkylamino group of 1, predicted to occupy a large lipophilic pocket of a CRF1receptor, with an aryl group. During the course of this examination, we established new synthetic approaches to 2,7-diarylaminobenzimidazoles. The novel synthesis of 7-arylaminobenzimidazoles culminated in the identification of compounds exhibiting inhibitory activities comparable to the alkyl analog 1. A representative compound, p-methoxyanilino analog 16g, showed potent CRF binding inhibitory activity against a human CRF1receptor and human CRF1receptor antagonistic activity (IC50?=?27?nM, 56?nM, respectively). This compound exhibited ex vivo125I-Tyr0(125I-CRF) binding inhibitory activity in mouse frontal cortex, olfactory bulb, and pituitary gland at 20?mg/kg after oral administration. In this report, we discuss the structure–activity-relationship of these 7-arylamino-1H-benzimidazoles and their synthetic method.

FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS HAVING CRF ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY

There is provided a compound of the formula: wherein R1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, a substituted amino, etc.; R2 is an aromatic group substituted with one or two substituents at the positions adjacent to the position b

NITROGEN-CONTAINING FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

There is provided a CRF receptor antagonist comprising a compound of the formula (I): wherein, ring A is a 5-membered ring represented by the formula (A'): wherein X is a carbon and X is an oxygen, a sulfur or - NR -,or formula (A"): wherein X is a nitrogen and R is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, Ris an amino substituted by two optionally substituted hydrocarbyl groups, Ris an phenyl, Y is CR or a nitrogen, Y is CRor a nitrogen and Yis CRor a nitrogen, provided that one or less of Y, Y, and Y is nitrogen, W is a bond, -(CH2)n-, and Z is a bond, -NR -,etc.; or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.