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Upstream product

• 5798-75-4 Ethyl 4-bromobenzoate 
• 17680-04-5 (3,4-methylenedioxy)phenylmagnesium bromide 
• 125261-30-5 p-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl triflate 
• 94839-07-3 3,4-(methylenedioxy)-benzeneboronic acid 
• 2635-13-4 1,2-(methylenedioxy)-4-bromobenzene 
• 120-47-8 Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate 
• 51934-41-9 4-iodobenzoic acid ethyl ester 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Electrochemical Synthesis of Biaryls via Oxidative Intramolecular Coupling of Tetra(hetero)arylborates

We report herein versatile, transition metal-free and additive-free (hetero)aryl-aryl coupling reactions promoted by the oxidative electrocoupling of unsymmetrical tetra(hetero)arylborates (TABs) prepared from ligand-exchange reactions on potassium trifluoroarylborates. Exploiting the power of electrochemical oxidations, this method complements the existing organoboron toolbox. We demonstrate the broad scope, scalability, and robustness of this unconventional catalyst-free transformation, leading to functionalized biaryls and ultimately furnishing drug-like small molecules, as well as late stage derivatization of natural compounds. In addition, the observed selectivity of the oxidative coupling reaction is related to the electronic structure of the TABs through quantum-chemical calculations and experimental investigations.

Directed ortho Metalation (D o M)-Linked Corriu-Kumada, Negishi, and Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Protocols: A Comparative Study

A systematic study of the widely used, titled name reaction transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with attention to context with the directed ortho metalation (D o M) is reported. In general, the Suzuki-Miyaura and Negishi protocols show gre

Synthesis of Polyfunctional Diorganomagnesium and Diorganozinc Reagents through In Situ Trapping Halogen–Lithium Exchange of Highly Functionalized (Hetero)aryl Halides in Continuous Flow

We report a halogen–lithium exchange performed in the presence of various metal salts (ZnCl2, MgCl2?LiCl) on a broad range of sensitive bromo- or iodo(hetero)arenes using BuLi or PhLi as the exchange reagent and a commercially available continuous-flow setup. The resulting diarylmagnesium or diarylzinc species were trapped with various electrophiles, resulting in the formation of polyfunctional (hetero)arenes in high yields. This method enables the functionalization of (hetero)arenes containing highly sensitive groups such as an isothiocyanate, nitro, azide, or ester. A straightforward scale-up was possible without further optimization.

Nickel or Iron Catalysed Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reaction of Arylenes, Alkenes and Alkines

Organozinc compounds of the type R1—Ar1—ZnY (1) can be reacted with different functionalized aryl halides R2—Ar2—X (2) in the presence of catalytic amounts of Ni or Fe in a polar solvent or solvent mixture to form polyfunctional biaryles of the type R1—Ar1—Ar2—R2 (3). Organozinc compounds of the type (1) can be represented by the transmetallation reaction of functionalized aryl magnesium halides or lithium aryl compounds with e.g. ZnBr2.

An efficient Negishi cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by nickel(II) and diethyl phosphite

A combination of diethyl phosphite-DMAP and Ni(II) salts forms a very effective catalytic system for the cross-coupling reactions of arylzinc halides with aryl, heteroaryl, and alkenyl bromides, chlorides, triflates, and nonaflates. The choice of solvent is quite important and the mixture of THF-N-ethylpyrrolidinone (NEP) (8:1) was found to be optimal. The reaction usually requires only 0.05 mol % of NiCl2 or Ni(acac)2 as catalyst and proceeds at room temperature within 1-48 h.

Efficient cross-coupling of functionalized arylzinc halides catalyzed by a nickel chloride-diethyl phosphite system

(Chemical Equation Presented) The combination of diethyl phosphite and DMAP as ligands for nickel in an 8:1 THF-N-ethylpyrrolidinone (NEP) mixture allows a very efficient cross-coupling reaction to be performed between various functionalized arylzinc halides and aryl bromides, triflates and activated chlorides. The reaction proceeds at 25°C within 1-48 h and requires only 0.05 mol % of the nickel catalyst.