6132-04-3

Basic information

• Product Name: Trisodium citrate dihydrate
• Synonyms: ANTI-BABOON IGM, BIOTIN;BETA-HYDROXY-TRICARBOXYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;HYDROXYTRICARBALLYLIC ACID MONOHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID NA3-SALT 2H2O;CITRIC ACID H2O;CITRIC ACID TRISODIUM SALT DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID, 3NA, DIHYDRATE;CITRIC ACID-1-HYDRATE
• CAS NO: 6132-04-3
• Molecular Formula: 2C₆H₆O₇*3H₂O*4Na
• Molecular Weight: 294.1
• EINECS: 201-069-1
• Product Categories: INORGANIC & ORGANIC CHEMICALS;FOOD ADDITIVES;Food and Feed Additive;ACS Grade;Biochemicals and Reagents;Biological Buffers;Buffers A to Z;Building Blocks;Carbonyl Compounds;Carboxylic Acid Salts;Chelators;Chemical Synthesis;Essential Chemicals;Inorganic Salts;Organic Building Blocks;Research Essentials;Solutions and Reagents;Food additive and acidulant
• Mol File: 6132-04-3.mol
• Article Data: 2

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 309.6 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 173.9 °C
• Appearance: white/powder
• Density: 1.76
• Vapor Pressure: 9.63E-07mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.58
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT.
• Solubility: H2O: 100 mg/mL
• Water Solubility: 720 g/L (25 ºC)
• Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
• Merck: 14,8602
• BRN: 6104939
• CAS DataBase Reference: Trisodium citrate dihydrate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Trisodium citrate dihydrate(6132-04-3)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Trisodium citrate dihydrate(6132-04-3)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xi
• Statements: 37/38-41-36/37/38
• Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-24/25-36
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: GE7810000
• TSCA: Yes
• Hazardous Substances Data: 6132-04-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General description

Sodium citrate, (molecular formula: Na3C6H5O7 ? 2H2O) has molecular weight of 294.1, is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder product; it is odorless, salty taste, and cool.It will lose its crystal water at 150 °C and will be decomposed at even higher temperature. It also has slight deliquescence in wet air and has weathering property upon hot air. It is soluble in water and glycerol, but insoluble in alcohol and some other organic solvents. Sodium citrate has no toxic effect, and has pH adjusting capability as well as having a good stability, and therefore can be used in the food industry. Sodium citrate has the greatest demand when being used as a food additive; As food additives, it is mainly used as flavoring agents, buffers, emulsifiers, bulking agents, stabilizers and preservatives; in addition, combination between sodium citrate and citric acid can be used in a variety of jams, jelly, juice, drinks, cold drinks, dairy products and pastries gelling agents, flavoring agents and nutritional supplements.

Excellent performance

Sodium citrate is currently the most important citrate. It is produced by two steps: first starch food is fermented to generate citric acid; secondly, citric acid is neutralized by alkali to generate the final products. Sodium citrate has the following excellent performance: Safe and nontoxic properties; Since the basic raw material for the preparation of sodium citrate mainly comes from the food, it is absolutely safe and reliable without causing harm to human health. The United Nations Food and Agriculture and the World Health Organization has no restriction in its daily intake, which means that this product can be considered as non-toxic food. It is biodegradable. After subjecting to the dilution of a large amount of water, sodium citrate is partially converted into citrate, which coexists with sodium citrate in the same system. Citrate is easy to subject to biological degradation at water by the action of oxygen, heat, light, bacteria and microbes. Its decomposition pathways are generally going through aconitic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid anhydride to be further converted to carbon dioxide and water. The ability of forming complex with metal ions. Sodium citrate has a good capability of forming complex with some metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+; for other ions such as Fe2+, it also has a good complex-forming ability. Excellent solubility, and the solubility increases with increasing temperature of water. It has a good capability for pH adjustment and a good buffering property. Sodium citrate is a weak acid-strong alkali salt; When combined with citrate, they can form a pH buffer with strong compatibility; therefore, this is very useful for some cases in which it is not suitable to have large change of pH value. In addition, sodium citrate also has excellent retardation performance and stability. The above information is edited by the lookchem of Dai xiongfeng.

Reference quality standards

British Pharmacopoeia BP98 Edition Quality Item Technical Index Content 99.0-101.0% PH Meet the rule Heavy Metal (PB) ≤ 0.001% Arsenic ≤ 0.0001% Ferric ≤ 0.001% Oxalate ≤ 0.03% Sulfate ≤ 0.015% Readily carbonizable substance Meet the rule Chloride ≤ 0.005% Water 11.0-13.0% Appearance of the solution clear and transparent solution, colorless Pyrogen consistent with the test

Effect and application

During the process of clinically taking fresh blood, adding some amount of sterile sodium citrate can play a role in prevent blood clotting; this is exactly taking advantage of the features that calcium citrate can form soluble complexes with calcium ion; In the field of medicine, it is used for the in vitro anti-clotting drugs and anticoagulants drugs, phlegm drugs, and diuretics drugs during blood transfusions; it can also used for cyanide-free electroplating industry; also used as developer for photographic industry. It can be used as flavoring agents, buffering materials, emulsifiers, and stabilizer in the food industry. Moreover, it is also widely used in chemical, metallurgical industry, the absorption of sulfur dioxide exhaust with the absorption rate of 99% and regenerate liquid sulfur dioxide citrate for recycle application. Sodium citrate has a good water solubility and a excellent cheating capability with Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other metal ions; it is biodegradable and has a strong dispersing ability and anti-redeposition ability; Daily-applied chemical detergents use it as alternative to trimer sodium phosphate for production of non-phosphorus detergent and phosphate-free liquid detergent. Adding a certain amount sodium citrate to the detergent can significantly increase the cleaning ability of detergent cleaning. The large scale of application of sodium tripolyphosphate as a builder in detergents is an important discovery in synthetic detergent industry. It is non-toxic without environmental pollution; it can also be acted as a buffer for the production of cosmetics.

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 6132-04-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It is colorless crystals or white crystalline powder, and is odorless, cool and salty. It has no melting point with a relative density of 1.857. It is stable in air at room temperature with loss of crystal water when being heated to 150 °C loss of crystal water; further heating will cause its decomposition. It is insoluble in ethanol but highly soluble in water. 5% aqueous solution has a pH value of 7.6 to 8.6. Rats by intraperitoneal injection: LD50: 1549 mg/kg; ADI without any special provisions (FAOWHO, 1994).
2. white powder or colourless crystals
3. Sodium citrate dihydrate consists of odorless, colorless, monoclinic crystals, or a white crystalline powder with a cooling, saline taste. It is slightly deliquescent in moist air, and in warm dry air it is efflorescent. Although most pharmacopeias specify that sodium citrate is the dihydrate, the USP 32 states that sodium citrate may be either the dihydrate or anhydrous material.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 6132-04-3 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It can be used as Ph adjusting agents and emulsifying enhancers applied to jam, candy, jelly and ice cream; its combination with citric acid has an effect of alleviating tour; it also has effects on forming complex with metal ions. China rules that it can be applied to various types of food with appropriate usage according to the absolute necessity. It can be used as a food additive, as complex agent and buffering agent in electroplating industry; at the field of pharmaceutical industry, it is used for the manufacturing of anti-clotting drugs; and used as the detergent additives in light industry. It is used as the analysis agents used for chromatography analysis and can also used for preparing bacterial culture medium; moreover, it can also be applied into pharmaceutical industry. The product can be used for the flavoring processing of food, as stabilizers, buffers and deputy complex-forming agents in non-toxic electroplating industry; at pharmaceutical industry, it is used as anti-clotting agent, phlegm drugs and diuretics drugs. It can also be used in brewing, injection, newspaper and movies medicines.
2. Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a food additive, usually for flavor or as a preservative.
3. Anticoagulant for collection of blood. In photography; as sequestering agent to remove trace metals; as emulsifier, acidulant and sequestrant in foods.
4. An anticoagulant also used as a biological buffer
5. Trisodium citrate dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent. It used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.

Production methods

It is produced by the neutralization of citric acid by sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate. Dissolve sodium bicarbonate in water upon stirring and heating; add citric acid, continue to heat up to 85-90 °C; adjust the pH to 6.8; adjust active carbon for bleaching. Filter when the mixture is still hot; condense the filtrate under reduced pressure; cool and the crystal comes out; filter, wash, dry to obtain the final products of sodium citrate. C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3 → C6H5Na3O7 ? 2H2O + 3CO2 ↑ + H2O

Production Methods

Sodium citrate is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases. The resulting solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.

Definition

ChEBI: The dihydrate of trisodium citrate.

General Description

Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate is the tribasic dihydrate sodium salt of citric acid.

Pharmaceutical Applications

Sodium citrate, as either the dihydrate or anhydrous material, is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. It is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of solutions. It is also used as a sequestering agent. The anhydrous material is used in effervescent tablet formulations. Sodium citrate is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate. Therapeutically, sodium citrate is used to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis, and also to treat dehydration and acidosis due to diarrhea.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Sodium citrate can act as a buffering agent, resisting changes in pH. Used in blood collection tubes, the citrate chelates calcium ions in blood and thereby disrupts blood clotting. Citrate is a intermediate in the TCA cycle and fatty acid synthesis. Citrate is an allosteric modulator of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the enzyme that regulates the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA.

Safety

After ingestion, sodium citrate is absorbed and metabolized to bicarbonate. Although it is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant excipient, excessive consumption may cause gastrointestinal discomfort or diarrhea. Therapeutically, in adults, up to 15 g daily of sodium citrate dihydrate may be administered orally, in divided doses, as an aqueous solution to relieve the painful irritation caused by cystitis. Citrates and citric acid enhance intestinal aluminum absorption in renal patients, which may lead to increased, harmful serum aluminum levels. It has therefore been suggested that patients with renal failure taking aluminum compounds to control phosphate absorption should not be prescribed citrate- or citric acid-containing products.

storage

Sodium citrate dihydrate is a stable material. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving. On storage, aqueous solutions may cause the separation of small, solid particles from glass containers. The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Incompatibilities

Aqueous solutions are slightly alkaline and will react with acidic substances. Alkaloidal salts may be precipitated from their aqueous or hydro-alcohol solutions. Calcium and strontium salts will cause precipitation of the corresponding citrates. Other incompatibilities include bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.

Regulatory Status

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalations; injections; ophthalmic products; oral solutions, suspensions, syrups and tablets; nasal, otic, rectal, topical, transdermal, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.

InChI:InChI=1/C16H19NO2S/c1-16(2,3)11-7-5-10(6-8-11)12-9-20-14(17)13(12)15(18)19-4/h5-9H,17H2,1-4H3

Synthetic route

sodium citrate (68-04-2) → trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3)

Conditions	Yield
In water concentration of aq. soln. at 55°C, 8.6 Torr; pptn.; temp. must be >47°C;; centrifuging;;
In water concentration of aq. soln. at 55°C, 8.6 Torr; pptn.; temp. must be >47°C;; centrifuging;;

citric acid ; trisodium-salt pentahydrate (6858-44-2) → water (7732-18-5) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating at temp. above 145°C;;
In neat (no solvent) heating at temp. above 145°C;;

disodium hydrogen citrate → trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3)

Conditions	Yield
In water crystn. from Na2HC6H5O7 soln. under ethanol at 23°C;;

trisodium citrate 5.5-hydrate → trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; dehydration at 100°C;;
In neat (no solvent) byproducts: H2O; dehydration at 100°C;;

trisodium citrate 5.5-hydrate → water (7732-18-5) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating at temp. above 145°C;;
In neat (no solvent) heating at temp. above 145°C;;

cis-α-dichloro(triethylenetetramine)cobalt(III) chloride (117229-22-8) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → β-[(citrato)(triethylenetetramine)cobalt(III)] pentahydrate (82621-19-0)

Conditions	Yield
With (C2H5)3N; H2O In methanol ligand salt, complex and (C2H5)3N refluxed for 40 h in MeOH; evapd. (vac.), solids dissolved in H2O, chromd. (cation-exchange, H(1+)-form, aq. NH3), evapd. (vac.), recrystd. (H2O/MeOH) at 70°C, dried at 100°C overnight; elem. anal.;	55.4%

cis,trans-2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran (696-59-3) + acetonedicarboxylic acid (542-05-2) + ethylamine (75-04-7) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → N-ethylnortropinone (3423-30-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water	46%

acetonedicarboxylic acid (542-05-2) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) + benzylamine (100-46-9) → N-benzyltropinone (28957-72-4)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water	44%

acetone dicarboxylic acid + isopropylamine (75-31-0) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → 8-aza-8-isopropyl-bicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one (3423-28-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water	40%

acetonedicarboxylic acid (542-05-2) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) + Cyclopropylamine (765-30-0) → 8-cyclopropyl-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]-octan-3-one (60206-33-9)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water	33%

titanium(III) chloride (7705-07-9) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → Na8[Ti(citrato(4-))3]*17H2O

Conditions	Yield
With NaOH; air In water a soln. of sodium citrate dihydrate added to TiCl3 under N2, air-oxidized, pH increased to 7 using NaOH; crystd. by diffusion of MeOH into the soln. at 4°C; elem. anal.;	22.5%

aluminum(III) nitrate nonahydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → [Al(H2O)6][Al3(citrate)2(OH)2(H2O)4]2NO3*6H2O

Conditions	Yield
With quinoline In water Al(NO3)3*9H2O, Na3C6H5O7*2H2O (1:1 or 10:1 Al to citrate ratios) dissolved in H2O; quinoline added dropwise with const. stirring; soln. stirred for 30 min (optimum pH 1.660, but complex also formed in the pH range 1.2 to 3.0); crystals formed after 48 h; elem. anal.;	22%

Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate + 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium)7[Fe9O(citrate)8(H2O)3] * 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline * 61 H2O

Conditions	Yield
In water byproducts: neocuproinium nitrate; equimolar amts., stirring at 60°C for 30 min; standing at room temp. for 24 h, filtration off of neocuproininum nitrate, crystn. at 27°C (several d);	15%

cadmium(II) nitrate tetrhydrate + 1,4,8,11-tetra(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (872834-46-3) + water (7732-18-5) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → sesqui(1,4,8,11-tetra(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)tricadmium(II) citrate hexahydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water High Pressure; Cd:citate:amine=0.14:0.071:0.071 molar ratio, heated at 110°C for3 d; mechanical separated; elem. anal.;	12%

jones reagent + Zn(Hg) + 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine (60232-85-1) + H2 CrO4 + sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) + mercury (II) chloride (7487-94-7) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) → 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-piperidone (77179-42-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In methanol; chloroform; water; acetic acid

...Expand

jones reagent + Zn(Hg) + 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine (60232-85-1) + H2 CrO4 + mercury (II) chloride (7487-94-7) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) + isopropyl alcohol (67-63-0) → 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-piperidone (77179-42-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; sulfuric acid In methanol; chloroform; water; acetic acid

hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) tetrahydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → gold (7440-57-5, 457905-15-6)

Conditions	Yield
In water soln. of HAuCl4 added 1% citrate within period of 5 s while refluxing with vigorous stirring under N2 atm.; Au soln. kept refluxing for period of 1 h and then left to cool to room temp.; detd. by absorption spect.;

nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → Ni(2+)*OOCCH2C(OH)(COO)CH2COO(3-)=Ni(OOCCH2C(OH)(COO)CH2COO)(1-)

Conditions	Yield
In water

trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → trisodium citrate 5.5-hydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water dissoln. in H2O; crystn. at ambient temp.;;
In water dissoln. in H2O; crystn. at ambient temp.;;

silver nitrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → silver(I) citrate (126-45-4)

Conditions	Yield
In water sodium citrate soln. in water added dropwise into the silver nitrate soln. in water; centrifugation, washed with distilled water, absolute alcohol in sequence and dried in air;

Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → 2Na(1+)*Fe2(OH)2(H2O)2(C6H5O7)2(2-)*6H2O*0.8Na(1+)*0.4C6H6O7(2-)*0.8H2O=Na2Fe2(OH)2(H2O)2(C6H5O7)2*6.8H2O*0.4Na2C6H6O7

Conditions	Yield
With sodium carbonate In water mixing of solns. of equimolar amts. of salts, adjusting pH to 5.5 with Na2CO3, refluxed; pptn. with methanol, washing with 80% methanol-water, drying in vac.; elem. anal.;

sodium molybdate dihydrate (7631-95-0) + sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → 3Na(1+)*4H(1+)*(MoO4)2(C6H5O7)(7-)=Na3H4(MoO4)2(C6H5O7)

Conditions	Yield
With Na3H2MoO4(C6H5O7) In water soln. of Na2MoO4 and Na3C6H5O7 mixed in various proportions, pH adjusted by H2SO4 to 5.00;

copper(ll) sulfate pentahydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → 3Na(1+)*OOCCH2C(OH)(COO)CH2COO(3-)*2H2O=Na3(C6H5O7)*2H2O#dotCu(2+)

Conditions	Yield
In water aq. soln. of sodium citrate and 0.1 wt.-% of CuSO4*5H2O slowly evapd. for a few days;

vanadyl sulfate trihydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → VO(2+) doped trisodium citrate dihydrate

Conditions	Yield
In water VOSO4*3H2O (0.01 mol%) mixed with aq. soln. of sodium citrate; crystd. by slow evapn. of satd. soln.; single crystals obtained;

cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate + copper(II) nitrate trihydrate + calcium nitrate * 3-hydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → Ca2.8Na0.2Co3.8Cu0.2O9

Conditions	Yield
With citric acid; polyethylene glycol 400; NH3 In water sol-gel method: salts dissolved in aq. citric acid, polyethylene glycol 400 added, NH3 added to adjust pH to 1.0-2.0, mixt. stirred, heated to m80 °C for 24 h, dried at 120 °C for 12 h, xerogel cacined (750 °C, 4 h, air); detd. by XRD;

cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate + copper(II) nitrate trihydrate + calcium nitrate * 3-hydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → Ca2.7Na0.3Co3.8Cu0.2O9

Conditions	Yield
With citric acid; polyethylene glycol 400; NH3 In water sol-gel method: salts dissolved in aq. citric acid, polyethylene glycol 400 added, NH3 added to adjust pH to 1.0-2.0, mixt. stirred, heated to m80 °C for 24 h, dried at 120 °C for 12 h, xerogel cacined (750 °C, 4 h, air); detd. by XRD;

manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → manganese(II)carbonate

Conditions	Yield
With aq. NH3 In water High Pressure; Mn salt and citrate were added to H2O under stirring; aq. NH3 added at room temp. soln. stirred for several min; transferred in Teflon lined stainless steel autoclave; sealed; heated at 160°C for 2 h; collected; washed; dried in vac.;

zinc(II) nitrate hexahydrate + hexamethylenetetramine (100-97-0) + trisodium citrate dihydrate (6132-04-3) → zinc(II) oxide

Conditions	Yield
at 95℃; for 12h; Temperature; Time; Autoclave;

Upstream product

• 6858-44-2 citric acid ; trisodium-salt pentahydrate 
• 68-04-2 sodium citrate 
• 77-92-9 citric acid 

Downstream Products

• 77179-42-1 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-4-piperidone 
• 3423-28-7 8-aza-8-isopropyl-bicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one 
• 126-45-4 silver(I) citrate 
• 5990-32-9 zinc citrate 
• 7440-57-5 gold 
• 3423-30-1 N-ethylnortropinone 
• 28957-72-4 N-benzyltropinone 

Relevant articles and documents

Method for the preparation and recovery of alkali metal citrates

Alkali metal citrates are prepared by the addition of an alkaline alkali metal base or salt to citric acid solutions and recovered in solid form by the addition of a C1 to C5 alcohol to the solution to cause precipitation.