61593-19-9

Upstream product

• 46147-15-3 3-carboxy proxyl 

Downstream Products

• 46147-12-0 3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidin-1-yloxy 
• 1228254-10-1 1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid [(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl))-5-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]methylamino]-2-isopropyl]-pentylamide radical 
• 111395-25-6 C₁₅H₂₀NO₂ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Ciprofloxacin-nitroxide hybrids with potential for biofilm control

As bacterial biofilms display extreme tolerance to conventional antibiotic treatments, it has become imperative to develop new antibacterial strategies with alternative mechanisms of action. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of ciprofloxacin-nitroxide conjugates and their corresponding methoxyamine derivatives in high yield. This was achieved by linking various nitroxides or methoxyamines to the secondary amine of the piperazine ring of ciprofloxacin using amide bond coupling. Biological evaluation of the prepared compounds on preformed P. aeruginosa biofilms in flow cells revealed substantial dispersal with ciprofloxacin-nitroxide hybrid 25, and virtually complete killing and removal (94%) of established biofilms in the presence of ciprofloxacin-nitroxide hybrid 27. Compounds 25–28 were shown to be non-toxic in both human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells and human muscle rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells at concentrations up to 40 μM. Significantly, these hybrids demonstrate the potential of antimicrobial-nitroxide agents to overcome the resistance of biofilms to antimicrobials via stimulation of biofilm dispersal or through direct cell killing.

Synthesis and study of new paramagnetic and diamagnetic verapamil derivatives

New derivatives of verapamil (1) modified with nitroxides and their precursors were synthesized and screened for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activities. The basic structure was modified by changing the nitrile group to an amide or the methyl substituent on tertiary nitrogen with nitroxides and their reduced forms (hydroxylamine and secondary amines). Among the new verapamil derivatives compound 16B [Mohan, I. K.; Kahn, M.; Wisel, S.; Selvendiran, K.; Sridhar, A.; Carnes, C.A.; Bognár, B.; Kálai, T.; Hideg, K.; Kuppusamy, P. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2009, 296, 140], modified with hydroxylamine salt of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-1-yloxyl proved to be the best ROS scavenger in vitro and protected HSMC and CHO cells against H2O2 induced damage.

Influence of chemical structure on nitroxyl spin magnetic relaxation characteristics

An attampt was made to develop guidelines for the design of new contrast agents using nitroxyl spin labels (NSL).The structural parameters of ring size and of substituents were correlated with the stability towards reduction and the relaxation effectiveness using 5 piperidine and 5 pyrrolidine nitroxyls containing the same substituents.The susceptibility of NSL to reduction was assessed by EPR spectroscopy.The relaxation effectiveness of NSL on proton in buffer and plasma solution was measured on a NMR spectrometer.The ring size and substituents has a decisive effect on the stability of NSL, whereby the ring size effect was dominant.In the case of spin-lattice relaxivities (R1) and spin-spin relaxivities (R2), the ring size and the substition effect were marginal in buffer solution, while in plasma these effects were more pronounced.A number of guidelines were proposed for the design of suitable NSL contrast agents for MRI.