621-65-8Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Methods of producing glycidyl nitrate
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Page/Page column 14; 15, (2020/03/04)
Methods of producing glycidyl nitrate. The method comprises reacting glycerol and nitric acid in a microfluidic reactor to form a nitrated glycerol compound. The microfluidic reactor comprises a reaction volume of the microfluidic reactor of less than about 20 ml and an inner diameter of a reaction channel of the microfluidic reactor of less than or equal to about 1000 μm. The nitrated glycerol compound is reacted with a base in the microfluidic reactor to form glycidyl nitrate. Additional methods of producing glycidyl nitrate are also disclosed.
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID NITRATE ESTERS
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Page/Page column 5-7, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to a method for the production of liquid nitrate esters, e.g. nitro-glycerine, wherein an alcohol is esterified by means of nitrating acid and the reaction takes place in one or several microreactors.
Reduction of nitroglycerin with elemental iron: Pathway, kinetics, and mechanisms
Oh, Seok-Young,Cha, Daniel K.,Kim, Byung J.,Chiu, Pei C.
, p. 3723 - 3730 (2007/10/03)
Nitroglycerin (NG) is a nitrate ester used in dynamites, propellants, and medicines and is therefore a common constituent in propellant-manufacturing and pharmaceutical wastewaters. In this study we investigated the reduction of NG with cast iron as a potential treatment method. NG was reduced stepwise to glycerol via 1,2- and 1,3-dinitroglycerins (DNGS) and 1- and 2-mononitroglycerins (MNGs). Nitrite was released in each reduction step and was further reduced to NH4+. Adsorption of NG and its reduction products to cast iron was minimal. A reaction pathway and a kinetic model for NG reduction with cast iron were proposed. The estimated surface area-normalized reaction rate constants for NG and NO2- were (1.65 ± 0.30) × 10-2 (L·m -2·h-1) and (0.78 ± 0.09) × 10 -2 (L·m-2·h-1), respectively. Experiments using dialysis cell with iron and a graphite sheet showed that reduction of NG to glycerol can be mediated by graphite. However, reduction of NO2- mediated by graphite was very slow. NG and NO 2- were also found to reduce to glycerol and NH 4+ by Fe2+ in the presence of magnetite but not by aqueous Fe2+ or magnetite alone. These results indicate that in a cast iron-water system NG may be reduced via multiple mechanisms involving different reaction sites, whereas nitrite is reduced mainly by iron and/or adsorbed Fe2+. The study demonstrates that iron can rapidly reduce NG to innocuous and biodegradable end products and represents a new approach to treat NG-containing wastewaters.
The pattern of glyceryl nitrates after oral administration of glyceryl trinitrate.
Laufen,Leitold
, p. 103 - 105 (2007/10/02)
An oral dose of 20 mg sustained release glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, Nitro Mack Retard) was administered to 6 healthy human subjects. In the plasma of all subjects the metabolically generated glyceryl nitrates glyceryl 1,2-dinitrate (G-1,2-DN), glyceryl 1,3-dinitrate (G-1,3-DN), glyceryl 2-nitrate (G-2-N) and glyceryl (G-1-N) could be identified, but no intact GTN was found. The nitrate metabolites showed sustained plasma profiles which can be explained by a slow release of GTN with subsequent complete first-pass denitration. The plasma concentrations of the mononitrates were generally higher than those of the dinitrates. G-1,2-DN and G-2-N, the metabolites which contain a nitrate group in the central position, showed higher concentrations than the respective isomeric compounds. The combined glyceryl dinitrates reached concentrations between 10.2 and 21.7 ng/ml, the combined mononitrates varied from 70.4 to 106.8 ng/ml. The ratios of the areas under the curve G-1,3-DN:G-1,2-DN:G-1-N:G-2-N were 1:4:19:64, on average. Taking into consideration the relative vasodilator potencies of glyceryl nitrates in the animal, our results give rise to the hypothesis that the glyceryl dinitrate metabolites participate in the clinical efficacy of large oral doses of sustained release GTN.
