625-76-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Nucleophilic Attacks on LL (Low LUMO) Substrates. Part 3. Molecular Stacking of 9-Methylenefluorene Derivatives as a Source of Zero-order Reactions
Hoz, Shmaryahu,Gross, Zeev,Speizman, Dov
, p. 1143 - 1146 (2007/10/02)
The reactions of the three activated dibenzfulvene derivatives 9-dicyanomethylene, 9-dinitromethylene-, and 9-nitromethylene-fluorene (FDCN, FDN, and FN respectively) with NaOH in water containing 1percent dioxane were followed at 25 deg C.The reactions were found to be zero-order in the substrate and zero-order within a run in the hydroxyde.Overall, the reaction was first-order in the hydroxide.Under these conditions zero-order kinetics are also obtained for the reaction of CN- with FDCN. 'Normal' first-order kinetics were obtained under these conditions for the reaction of OH- with 1,1,diphenyl-2,2-dinitroethylene as well as for FDN when the dioxane concentration was increased to 25percent (v/v).It is suggested that owing to their planar structure these substrates undergo efficient stacking in the solution with only a small fraction left as a free rective monomer and the aggregate maintains a constant monomer concentration in the solution.A Tyndall effect of the aggregated particles could not be observed with the nacked eye.The particles also pass through a Whatman No. 1 filter paper.However, other observation such as solvent and temperature effects on the absorbance in the u.v. range strongly support the suggested explanation.
Substituent and pH Effects on the Hydrolysis Modes of 9-(dinitromethyl)-9-alkoxylfluorenes
Hoz, Shmaryahu,Perach, Sara Sima
, p. 4056 - 4059 (2007/10/02)
The hydrolysis of 9-(dinitromethyl)-9-alkoxyfluorene was studied in aqueous solution over the pH range 3-12.Under acidic conditions, the reactions proceed via the fluorenyl oxocarbonium ion in analogy with ketal hydrolysis reactions.Rate constants for the neutral adducts decrease in the order 2-Pr > 2-Et > 2-Me >> 2-Tf.This order of reactivity indicates that substituent electronic effects dominate, whereas steric affects are only of secondary importance.Comparison with literature data for ketal hydrolysis reactions indicates the general validity of this conclusion for the above class of reactions.Out of the four substrates only 2-Tf undergoes hydrolysis under basis conditions by an E1cB mechanism.The other three adducts are practically inert under basic conditions (pH>9).The pKa's of the four substrates range from 6.3 to 6.7, indicating again a small or constant sensitivity to the steric size of the substituent.
