6286-82-4Relevant articles and documents
A new polar perovskite coordination network with azaspiroundecane as A-site cation
Bostr?m, Hanna L. B.,Burger, Stefan,Kieslich, Gregor,Kronawitter, Silva,Zar?ba, Jan K.
, p. 10740 - 10744 (2020)
ABX3 perovskite coordination networks are a rapidly growing sub-class of crystalline coordination networks. At present, synthetic efforts in the field are dominated by the use of commercially available building blocks, leaving the potential for tuning properties via targeted compositional changes largely untouched. Here we apply a rational crystal engineering approach, using 6-azaspiro[5.5]undecane ([ASU]+) as A-site cation for the synthesis of the polar perovskite [ASU][Cd(C2N3)3]. This journal is
Insight into the Alkaline Stability of N-Heterocyclic Ammonium Groups for Anion-Exchange Polyelectrolytes
Chen, Nanjun,Fan, Jiantao,Hu, Chuan,Jin, Yiqi,Lee, Young Moo,Li, Hui,Liu, Haijun,Wu, Bo,Xu, Shaoyi
supporting information, p. 19272 - 19280 (2021/07/25)
The alkaline stability of N-heterocyclic ammonium (NHA) groups is a critical topic in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) and AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we report a systematic study on the alkaline stability of 24 representative NHA groups at different hydration numbers (λ) at 80 °C. The results elucidate that γ-substituted NHAs containing electron-donating groups display superior alkaline stability, while electron-withdrawing substituents are detrimental to durable NHAs. Density-functional-theory calculations and experimental results suggest that nucleophilic substitution is the dominant degradation pathway in NHAs, while Hofmann elimination is the primary degradation pathway for NHA-based AEMs. Different degradation pathways determine the alkaline stability of NHAs or NHA-based AEMs. AEMFC durability (from 1 A cm?2 to 3 A cm?2) suggests that NHA-based AEMs are mainly subjected to Hofmann elimination under 1 A cm?2 current density for 1000 h, providing insights into the relationship between current density, λ value, and durability of NHA-based AEMs.
METHOD OF PROCESSING CELLULOSIC MATERIALS
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Page/Page column 15, (2019/10/15)
The present invention relates to a method of processing cellulosic materials, particularly to a method of dissolving cellulose from cellulose containing feedstock, such as pulp, by contacting the cellulose containing feedstock with thermally and chemically stable ammonium salts, such as spirocyclic ammonium salts or quaternised cyclic ammonium salts. The invention also relates to the use of said ammonium salts for cellulose processing and to a method of manufacturing cellulose- based shaped articles.
Preparation method of fluorozirconate
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Paragraph 0040; 0042, (2017/12/01)
The invention discloses a preparation method of fluorozirconate. The preparation method comprises the following steps of A, enabling a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound and halogenating alkane to be subjected to a reaction in an organic solvent under alkaline conditions, so as to obtain heterocyclic amine based alkane halogen; B, enabling the heterocyclic amine based alkane halogen obtained in the step A to be dissolved in an organic solvent, and performing heating so as to obtain nitrogen spirane halide salt; and C, enabling nitrogen spirane halide salt which is obtained in the step B and as shown in a formula iv to be dissolved in the organic solvent, and performing ion exchange on the nitrogen spirane halide salt dissolved in the organic solvent with pentafluoro sodium zirconate or pentafluoro zirconic acid so as to obtain nitrogen spirane pentafluoro zirconic acid as shown in a formula vi, or performing ion exchange on the nitrogen spirane halide salt dissolved in the organic solvent with hexafluorozirconic acid or hexafluorozirconic acid sodium so as to obtain dinitrogen spirane hexafluorozirconic acid salt as shown in a formula vi. According to the method disclosed by the invention, raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, reaction steps are simple, the yield is high, pollution is hardly generated, strict and dangerous reaction conditions are not used, products are easy to refine, and the method disclosed by the invention is suitable for national mass production.
Alkaline stability of quaternary ammonium cations for alkaline fuel cell membranes and ionic liquids
Marino,Kreuer
, p. 513 - 523 (2015/03/04)
The alkaline stability of 26 different quaternary ammonium groups (QA) is investigated for temperatures up to 160°C and NaOH concentrations up to 10 molL-1 with the aim to provide a basis for the selection of functional groups for hydroxide exchange membranes in alkaline fuel cells and of ionic-liquid cations stable in basic conditions. Most QAs exhibit unexpectedly high alkaline stability with the exception of aromatic cations. b-Protons are found to be far less susceptible to nucleophilic attack than previously suggested, whereas the presence of benzyl groups, nearby hetero-atoms, or other electron-withdrawing species promote degradation reactions significantly. Cyclic QAs proved to be exceptionally stable, with the piperidine-based 6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane featuring the highest half-life at the chosen conditions. Absolute and relative stabilities presented herein stand in contrast to literature data, the differences being ascribed to solvent effects on degradation.
Manufacturing method of spiro quaternary ammonium salt and electric double layer capacitor using the spiro quaternary ammonium salt manufactured by the method
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Paragraph 0139-0145, (2016/12/22)
The present invention relates to a method for producing a spiro-based quaternary ammonium salt, and an electric double layer capacitor using the spiro-based quaternary ammonium salt produced thereby. The method comprises the steps of: mixing 1,5-dibromopentane or 1,5-dibromopentane and potassium carbonate with a first solvent; adding and reacting pyrrolidine in a result produced by mixing 1,4-dibromopentane or 1,5-dibromopentane and potassium carbonate; selectively removing potassium bromide which is a precipitate formed by the reaction; selectively removing the first solvent from a solution having the precipitate removed therefrom; adding and recrystallizing a byproduct having the first solvent removed therefrom in acetone, and selectively separating 5-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-5-ium bromide or 5-azaspiro[4.5]decane-5-ium bromide; adding and reacting the selectively separated 5-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-5-ium bromide or 5-azaspiro[4.5]decane-5-ium bromide and HBF_4 in a second solvent; selectively removing the second solvent; and adding and recrystallizing a byproduct having the second solvent removed therefrom in a third solvent, and obtaining 5-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-5-ium tetrafluoroborate or 5-azaspiro[4.5]decane-5-ium tetrafluoroborate by selectively separating a precipitate.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016