63248-70-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Synthesis of nelarabine with pure β-anomer through late-stage C-H nitration/nitro-reduction
Xia, Ran,Sun, Li-Ping,Qu, Gui-Rong
, p. 2386 - 2393 (2016/03/01)
An efficient and pure β-anomer synthesis of the clinical drug nelarabine from the readily available vidarabine has been achieved for the first time. The C6 amino group of vidarabine was transformed to methoxy group by diazotization/chlorination followed by methoxylation using Na2CO3/MeOH system. The formation of C(2)-N bond was achieved via the highly selective C-H bond functionalization by reacting with 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) and tetrabutylammonium nitrate. The final product was obtained in total yield of 58.6% by 5 steps-synthesis from vidarabine after the reduction of nitro group to amino group. Moreover, the drug nelarabine could be obtained in 100 grams scale successfully and no chromatography was needed, which made this route more attractive for industrial application.
Synthesis and evaluation of the substrate activity of C-6 substituted purine ribosides with E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase: Palladium mediated cross-coupling of organozinc halides with 6-chloropurine nucleosides [1]
Hassan, Abdalla E.A.,Abou-Elkhair, Reham A.I.,Riordan, James M.,Allan, Paula W.,Parker, William B.,Khare, Rashmi,Waud, William R.,Montgomery, John A.,Secrist III, John A.
experimental part, p. 167 - 174 (2012/03/08)
A series of C-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl-9-(β-d-ribofuranosyl) purines were synthesized and their substrate activities with Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (E. coli PNP) were evaluated. (Ph 3P)4Pd-mediated cross-c
Prodrug azide compositions and compounds
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, (2008/06/13)
Pharmaceutical prodrug compositions are provided comprising azide derivatives of drugs which are capable of being converted to the drug in vivo. Azide derivatives of drugs having amine, ketone and hydroxy substituents are converted in vivo to the corresponding drugs, increasing the half-life of the drugs. In addition azide prodrugs are often better able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier than the corresponding drugs. Especially useful are azide derivatives of cordycepin, 2′-F-ara-ddI, AraA, acyclovir, penciclovir and related drugs. Useful azide prodrugs are azide derivatives of therapeutic alicyclic amines, ketones, and hydroxy-substituted compounds, including aralkyl, heterocyclic aralkyl, and cyclic aliphatic compounds, where the amine or oxygen moiety is on the ring, or where the amine or oxygen moiety is on an aliphatic side chain, as well as therapeutic purines and pyrimidines, nucleoside analogs and phosphorylated nucleoside analogs.
Synthesis, biotransformation, and pharmacokinetic studies of 9-(β-D- arabinofuranosyl)-6-azidopurine: A prodrug for ara-A designed to utilize the azide reduction pathway
Kotra,Manouilov,Cretton-Scott,Sommadossi,Boudinot,Schinazi,Chu
, p. 5202 - 5207 (2007/10/03)
As a part of our efforts to design prodrugs for antiviral nucleosides, 9-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-azidopurine (6-AAP) was synthesized as a prodrug for ara-A that utilizes the azide reduction biotransformation pathway. 6-AAP was synthesized from ara-A via its 6-chloro analogue 4. The bioconversion of the prodrug was investigated in vitro and in vivo, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. For in vitro studies, 6-AAP was incubated in mouse serum and liver and brain homogenates. The half-lives of 6-AAP in serum and liver and brain homogenates were 3.73, 4.90, and 7.29 h, respectively. 6- AAP was metabolized primarily in the liver homogenate microsomal fraction by the reduction of the azido moiety to the amine, yielding ara-A. However, 6- AAP was found to be stable to adenosine deaminase in a separate in vitro study. The in vivo metabolism and disposition of ara-A and 6-AAP were conducted in mice. When 6-AAP was administered by either oral or intravenous route, the half-life of ara-A was 7-14 times higher than for ara-A administered intravenously. Ara-A could not be found in the brain after the intravenous administration of ara-A. However, after 6-AAP administration (by either oral or intravenous route), significant levels of ara-A were found in the brain. The results of this study demonstrate that 6-AAP is converted to ara-A, potentially increasing the half-life and the brain delivery of ara-A. Further studies to utilize the azide reduction approach on other clinically useful agents containing an amino group are in progress in our laboratories.
