63857-18-1Relevant articles and documents
Highly regioselective rhodium-catalysed hydroformylation of unsaturated Esters: The first practical method for quaternary selective carbonylation
Clarke, Matthew L.,Roff, Geoffrey J.
, p. 7978 - 7986 (2007/10/03)
Highly regioselective hydroformylation of unsaturated esters can be achieved when a highly reactive, ligand-modified, rhodium catalyst is employed near ambient temperatures (15-50°C) and pressures over 30 bar. The use of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,8-trioxa-6-phosphaadamantane shows distinct advantages over other commonly applied phosphanes in terms of reaction rate, and regio- and chemoselectivity. Hydroformylation of a range 1,1-di- and 1,1,2-trisubstituted unsaturated esters yields quaternary aldehydes that are forbidden products according to Keulemans Rule. The aldehydes can be reductively aminated with molecular hydrogen to give β-amino acid esters in high yield. The overall green chemical process involves converting terminal alkynes into unusual β-amino acid esters with only water generated as an essential byproduct. This catalytic system has also been applied to the hydroformylation of simple 1,2-disubstitued unsaturated esters, which have been hydroformylated with excellent α-selectivity and good chemo-selectivity for the first time.
Application of the Water-gas Shift Reaction. I. Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation Reactions of Olefins with Carbon Monoxide and Water Catalyzed by Rhodium Phosphine Complexes
Okano, Tamon,Kobayashi, Teruyuki,Konishi, Hisatoshi,Kiji, Jitsuo
, p. 3799 - 3805 (2007/10/02)
The hydrogenation of methyl crotonate with CO and H2O is efficiently catalyzed by RhH2(O2COH)2 or 2/P(i-Pr)3/n-BuLi (C7H8=norbornadiene).Both catalyst precursors are shown to form the same active species; trans-Rh(OH)(CO)2.The catalytic activity of the system (2/phosphine/n-BuLi) increases with increase of the basicity of the phosphine ligands (phosphine=P(i-Pr)3 > P(n-Bu)3 > PPh(i-Pr)2 > PPh2(i-Pr) > PPh3).This reaction is also applicable to the hydrogenation of the C=C bond of electron-withdrawing olefins and the C=O bondof ketones and aldehydes.Interestingly, the catalysis for the C=C bond, to which less electron-withdrawing groups are attached, gives dominantly aldehydes due to hydroformylation.The mechanism is also discussed.