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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Cobalt-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic, Aliphatic, and Cyclic Secondary Amines via a "hydrogen-Borrowing" Strategy

The replacement of precious metals with inexpensive, less toxic, and earth-abundant elements in typical noble-metal-mediated organic transformations is a major goal in current synthetic chemistry and industries. The metal-catalyzed N-alkylation of amines with other amines through a "hydrogen-borrowing" principle represents a green and atom-economical reaction for the synthesis of secondary amines. However, catalysts developed thus far that are effective for this process remain quite scarce and are only limited to a few ruthenium and iridium complexes. In this work, we present a cobalt-catalyzed selective alkylation of amines with amines to synthesize a large variety of secondary amines. A range of amine substrates have been converted to the corresponding products through hetero- or homocoupling between amines. Cyclic sec-amines are also achieved from diamine precursors as rare examples.

Tandem Photoredox and Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp3)-N Coupling of Anilines and Imines Using an Organic Photocatalyst

An organic photoredox catalyst, 4CzIPN, was used in combination with a copper catalyst, CuCl, to effect decarboxylative C(sp3)-N coupling. The coupling worked with both anilines and imines as nitrogen sources and could be used to prepare a variety of alkyl amines from readily available alkyl carboxylic acids.

Dialkylterphenyl Phosphine-Based Palladium Precatalysts for Efficient Aryl Amination of N-Nucleophiles

A series of 2-aminobiphenyl palladacycles supported by dialkylterphenyl phosphines, PR2Ar′ (R=Me, Et, iPr, Cyp (cyclopentyl), Ar′=ArDipp2, ArXyl2f, Dipp (2,6-C6H3-(2,6-C6H3-(CHMe2)2)2), Xyl=xylyl) have been prepared and structurally characterized. Neutral palladacycles were obtained with less bulky terphenyl phosphines (i.e., Me and Et substituents) whereas the largest phosphines provided cationic palladacycles in which the phosphines adopted a bidentate hemilabile k1-P,η1-Carene coordination mode. The influence of the ligand structure on the catalytic performance of these Pd precatalysts was evaluated in aryl amination reactions. Cationic complexes bearing the phosphines PiPr2ArXyl2 and PCyp2ArXyl2 were the most active of the series. These precatalysts have demonstrated a high versatility and efficiency in the coupling of a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles, including secondary amines, alkyl amines, anilines, and indoles, with electronically deactivated and ortho-substituted aryl chlorides at low catalyst loadings (0.25–0.75 mol % Pd) and without excess ligand.

CuI/2-Aminopyridine 1-Oxide Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides with Aliphatic Amines

A class of 2-aminopyridine 1-oxides are discovered to be effective ligands for the Cu-catalyzed amination of less reactive (hetero)aryl chlorides. A wide range of functionalized (hetero)aryl chlorides reacted with various aliphatic amines to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields under the catalyst of CuI/2-aminopyridine 1-oxides. Furthermore, the catalyst system worked well for the coupling of cyclic secondary amines and N-methyl benzylamine with (hetero)aryl chlorides.

Empirical and Computational Insights into N-Arylation Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium meta-Terarylphosphine Catalyst

An in situ generated Pd–Cy*Phine catalyst has been successfully applied to the N-arylation of primary and secondary amines, and it exhibited high performance across multiple substrate classes. The performance induced by the meta-terarylphosphine motif of the Cy*Phine ligand for C?N cross-coupling displayed only subtle differences to that of its biarylphosphine congener XPhos. DFT studies demonstrated comparable reaction energetics in the catalytic cycle steps for both Pd–Cy*Phine and Pd–XPhos, which was consistent with previous findings. The computational investigation also indicated that a putative rate-determining step occurred after amine binding, which was likely to have annulled the expected benefits of having a meta-terarylphosphine ligand architecture.

Bis(2-cycloazylindolyl)titanium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and the Catalytic Behaviors towards Hydroamination and Ring-opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone

The ligands 2-pyrazol-1-yl-1H-indole (HL1) and 2-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-1H-indole (HL2) individually reacted with Ti(NMe2)4 in tetrahydrofuran to form the corresponding complexes Ti(L1)2(NMe2)2 (1) and Ti

Microwave-promoted selective mono-n-alkylation of anilines with tertiary amines by heterogeneous catalysis

A palladium-catalyzed N-alkylation of anilines with tertiary amines that occurs under heterogeneous transfer-hydrogenation conditions has been developed (see scheme). This protocol of transamination, which uses a relatively cheap and easily recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, can be efficiently applied to different substrates and is suitable for large-scale preparations.

A general ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of aromatic amines

(Chemical Equation Presented) Simple as that: The synthesis of aromatic amines from aliphatic amines proceeds under transfer hydrogenation conditions (see scheme). By applying the Shvo catalyst, general applicability is shown in the conversion of a variety of functionalized anilines and aliphatic amines. This base- and salt-free method can be an excellent alternative to the known synthesis of anilines.

Catalyst for aromatic C—O, C—N, and C—C bond formation

The present invention is directed to a transition metal catalyst, comprising a Group 8 metal and a ligand having the structure wherein R, R′ and R″ are organic groups having 1-15 carbon atoms, n=1-5, and m=0-4. The present invention is also directed to a method of forming a compound having an aromatic or vinylic carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, or carbon-carbon bond using the above catalyst. The catalyst and the method of using the catalyst are advantageous in preparation of compounds under mild conditions of approximately room temperature and pressure.

Mild and efficient copper-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides with primary alkylamines

(Matrix presented) An efficient copper-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides with primary alkylamines was developed that uses commercially available diethylsalicylamide as the ligand. This amination reaction can be performed at 90°C in good yield. A variety of functional groups are compatible with these reaction conditions. Preliminary results show that this reaction can be carried out under solvent-free conditions with comparable yields.