66065-07-4

Upstream product

• 63699-48-9 O³,O⁵-(R)-benzylidene-D-erythro-1-deoxy-[2]pentulose 
• 109947-61-7 (2R)-2-O-acetyl-2,3-anhydro-1-deoxy-4,5-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-pentulose 
• 83657-29-8 (1R,4R)-1-(2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]-dioxolan-4-yl)-1-hydroxypropane-2-one 
• 61-58-5 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexopyranose 
• 23147-58-2 glycolaldehyde dimer 
• 116-09-6 hydroxy-2-propanone 
• 83657-27-6 1-deoxy-4,5-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-2-pentulose trimethylene dithioacetal 
• 140709-54-2 ((R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-(2-methyl-[1,3]dithian-2-yl)-methanone 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-ANHYDRO-1-DEOXY-3-C-METHYL-D-HEXULOSE DERIVATIVES

Epoxidation of (E)-1,3,4-trideoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methyl-D-glycero-hex-3-enulose by alkaline hydrogen peroxide gave a mixture of 3,4-anhydro-1-deoxy-5,6-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methyl-D-arabino- (2) and -D-xylo-hexulose (3) that was resolved by chromatography.From the reaction of 2 with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid, the Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement product (2R)-2-O-acetyl-2,3-anhydro-1-deoxy-4,5-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-pentulose hydrate was isolated.The structures and configurations of the above products were established on the basis of chemical transformations and analytical and spectroscopic data.

Indium-mediated allenylation of aldehydes and its application in carbohydrate chemistry: Efficient synthesis of D -ribulose and 1-deoxy- D -ribulose

A two-step reaction sequence starting with the indium-mediated allenylation of aldehydes with 4-bromo-2-butyn-1-ols and subsequent ozonolysis of the resulting allenylic product was developed to generate a variety of dihydroxyacetone derivatives. The regioselectivity of the indium-promoted C-C bond-forming reaction can be manipulated through hydroxy protecting groups on 4-bromo-2-butyn-1-ol, yielding either allenes or alkynes as preferred products. Compared to established protocols, the necessary amount of indium for this type of allenylation can be decreased by a factor of two to four. The versatility of this strategy was demonstrated in thestereoselective and straightforward synthesis of D-ribulose and 1-deoxy-D-ribulose. Copyright

D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase in organic synthesis: Cascade chemical-enzymatic preparation of sugar-relafed polyhydroxylated compounds

Novel aldol addition reactions of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and hydroxyacetone (HA) to a variety of aldehydes catalyzed by D-fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) are presented. In a chemical-enzymatic cascade reaction approach, 1-deoxynojirimycin and 1-deoxymannojirimycin were synthesized starting from (R)- and (S)-3-(N-Cbz-amino)-2-hydroxypropanal, respectively. Furthermore, 1,4-dideoxy1,4-imino-D-arabinitol and 1,4,5-trideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol were prepared from N-Cbz-glycinal, 1 -Deoxy-D-xylulose was also synthesized by using HA as the donor and either 2-benzyloxyethanal or 2-hydroxyethanal as acceptors. In both cases the enzymatic aldol addition reaction was fully stereoselective, but with 2-hydroxyethanal 17% of the epimeric product at C2, 1-deoxy-D-erythro-2-pentulose, was observed due to enolization/epimerization during the isolation steps. It was also observed that D-(-)-threose is a good acceptor substrate for FSA, opening new synthetic possibilities for the preparation of important novel complex carbohydrate-related compounds from aldoses. To illustrate this, 1-deoxy-D-ido-hept-2-ulose was obtained stereoselectively by the addition of HA to D-(-)-threose, catalyzed by FSA. It was found that the reaction performance depended strongly on the donor substrate, HA being the one that gave the best conversions to the aldol adduct. The examples presented in this work show the valuable synthetic potential of FSA for the construction of chiral complex polyhydroxylated sugar-type structures.

Rare keto-aldoses from enzymatic oxidation: Substrates and oxidation products of pyranose 2-oxidase

Pyranose oxidases are known to oxidise D-glucose, D-xylose and L- sorbose to keto-aldoses, biochemically interesting compounds that may also be used for synthetic purposes in a variety of reactions. In this study pyranose oxidase from the basidiomycete Peniophora gigantea was investigated, and it was found that this enzyme is able to oxidise a broad variety of substrates very effectively. In analogy to its natural mode of action, most substrates are oxidised regioselectively in position 2. Certain compounds, however, are converted into 3-keto derivatives, and the enzyme even exhibits transfer potential, that is, disscharides are formed from β-glycosides of higher alcohols. Substrates that may be oxidised at C-2 in yields between 40-98% are D-allose, D-galactose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose, D-gentiobiose, α-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride and the very interesting 3-deoxy-D-glucose. 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol (1-deoxy-D-glucose) is very effectively oxidised in position 2 in 98% yield and additionally gives a product of dioxidation at C-2 and C-3 upon prolonged reaction time Selective oxidation at C-3 was found for 2-deoxy-D-glucose in very good yields and for methyl β-D-gluco- and methyl β-galactopyranoside in lower yields. All oxidation products were unequivocally characterised by NMR spectroscopy and/or chemical derivatisation. In addition, the kinetic data of the enzymatic reactions were determined for all substrates. On the basis of these data and the structural characteristics of the substrates, a model for the minimal structural requirements of the enzyme-substrate interaction is suggested. The enzyme presumably uses two different binding modes for the regioselective C-2 and the C-3 oxidations, which are described.

The Biosynthesis of Thiamine. Syntheses of -1-Deoxy-D-threo-2-pentulose and Incorporation of this Sugar in Biosynthesis of Thiazole by Escherichia coli Cells

Non-growing, washed cells of Escherichia coli, depressed for the synthesis of thiamine, were incubated in the presence of -1-deoxy-D-threo-2-pentulose (9) in a medium containing the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine, L-tyrosine, and glucose.The thiamine thus biosynthesized was extracted and cleaved to give 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole (HET) which was examined as the trifluoroacetate derived by electron-impact mass spectrometry.The distribution of the label in the fragments indicated that the pentulose (9) was a precursor of the C5-chain of HET without C-C bond cleavage.Several routes to 1-deoxypentuloses are described.Condensation of 2,4-O-benzylidene-D-threose (23) with trideuteriomethylmagnesium iodide gave the protected 1-deoxypentitols (24) and (25).Brominolysis of the mixed dibutylstannylidenes then afforded -3,4-O-benzylidene-1-deoxy-D-threo-2-pentulose (26), which was converted into the free sugar (9) by acidic hydrolysis. 1-Deoxy-D-erythro-2-pentulose was prepared in similar manner.Condensation of 2-(-methyl)-1,3-dithian with 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-glyceraldehyde, followed by a C-3 epimerization step also led, after deprotection, to a mixture of -1-deoxy-D-erythro- and -1-deoxy-D-threo-2-pentulose, (5) and (6).