67448-64-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Sulfonamido carboranes as highly selective inhibitors of cancer-specific carbonic anhydrase IX
Das, Viswanath,El Anwar, Suzan,Holub, Josef,Kugler, Michael,Nekvinda, Jan,?ezá?ová, Pavlína,?ícha, Václav,Brynda, Ji?í,D?ubák, Petr,Dvo?anová, Jana,Fábry, Milan,Grüner, Bohumír,Gurská, Soňa,Hajdúch, Marián,Havránek, Miroslav,Král, Vlastimil,Li?ková, Barbora,Matějková, Stanislava,Medvedíková, Martina,Pospí?ilová, Klára
supporting information, (2020/06/08)
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a transmembrane enzyme overexpressed in hypoxic tumors, where it plays an important role in tumor progression. Specific CA IX inhibitors potentially could serve as anti-cancer drugs. We designed a series of sulfonamide inhibitors containing carborane clusters based on prior structural knowledge of carborane binding into the enzyme active site. Two types of carborane clusters, 12-vertex dicarba-closo-dodecaborane and 11-vertex 7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaborate (dicarbollide), were connected to a sulfonamide moiety via aliphatic linkers of varying lengths (1–4 carbon atoms; n = 1–4). In vitro testing of CA inhibitory potencies revealed that the optimal linker length for selective inhibition of CA IX was n = 3. A 1-sulfamidopropyl-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (3) emerged as the strongest CA IX inhibitor from this series, with a Ki value of 0.5 nM and roughly 1230-fold selectivity towards CA IX over CA II. X-ray studies of 3 yielded structural insights into their binding modes within the CA IX active site. Compound 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines and primary cell lines in 2D cultures. Cytotoxicity towards multicellular spheroids was also observed. Moreover, 3 significantly lowered the amount of CA IX on the cell surface both in 2D cultures and spheroids and facilitated penetration of doxorubicin. Although 3 had only a moderate effect on tumor size in mice, we observed favorable ADME properties and pharmacokinetics in mice, and preferential presence in brain over serum.
