690631-97-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Targeting a Large Active Site: Structure-Based Design of Nanomolar Inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei Trypanothione Reductase
De Gasparo, Raoul,Diederich, Fran?ois,Halgas, Ondrej,Harangozo, Dora,Kaiser, Marcel,Krauth-Siegel, R. Luise,Pai, Emil F.
, (2019)
Trypanothione reductase (TR) plays a key role in the unique redox metabolism of trypanosomatids, the causative agents of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas’ disease, and leishmaniases. Introduction of a new, lean propargylic vector to a known class of TR inhibitors resulted in the strongest reported competitive inhibitor of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei TR, with an inhibition constant Ki of 73 nm, which is fully selective against human glutathione reductase (hGR). The best ligands exhibited in vitro IC50 values (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) against the HAT pathogen, T. brucei rhodesiense, in the mid-nanomolar range, reaching down to 50 nm. X-Ray co-crystal structures confirmed the binding mode of the ligands and revealed the presence of a HEPES buffer molecule in the large active site. Extension of the propargylic vector, guided by structure-based design, to replace the HEPES buffer molecule should give inhibitors with low nanomolar Ki and IC50 values for in vivo studies.
Biological Evaluation and X-ray Co-crystal Structures of Cyclohexylpyrrolidine Ligands for Trypanothione Reductase, an Enzyme from the Redox Metabolism of Trypanosoma
De Gasparo, Raoul,Brodbeck-Persch, Elke,Bryson, Steve,Hentzen, Nina B.,Kaiser, Marcel,Pai, Emil F.,Krauth-Siegel, R. Luise,Diederich, Fran?ois
supporting information, p. 957 - 967 (2018/04/10)
The tropical diseases human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and the various forms of leishmaniasis are caused by parasites of the family of trypanosomatids. These protozoa possess a unique redox metabolism based on trypanothione and trypanothione reductase (TR), making TR a promising drug target. We report the optimization of properties and potency of cyclohexylpyrrolidine inhibitors of TR by structure-based design. The best inhibitors were freely soluble and showed competitive inhibition constants (Ki) against Trypanosoma (T.) brucei TR and T. cruzi TR and in vitro activities (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50) against these parasites in the low micromolar range, with high selectivity against human glutathione reductase. X-ray co-crystal structures confirmed the binding of the ligands to the hydrophobic wall of the “mepacrine binding site” with the new, solubility-providing vectors oriented toward the surface of the large active site.
Convenient synthesis of 1H-indol-1-yl boronates via palladium(0)-catalyzed borylation of bromo-1H-indoles with 'pinacolborane'
Stadlwieser, Josef F.,Dambaur, Markus E.
, p. 936 - 946 (2007/10/03)
An atom-economic Pd0-catalyzed synthesis of a series of pinacol-type indolylboronates 3 from the corresponding bromoindole substrates 2 and pinacolborane (pinBH) as borylating agent was elaborated. The optimal catalyst system consisted of a 1:2 mixture of [Pd(OAc)2] and the ortho-substituted biphenylphosphine ligand L-3 (Scheme 4, Table). Our synthetic protocol was applied to the fast, preparative-scale synthesis of 1-substituted indolylboronates 3a-h in the presence of different functional groups, and at a catalyst load of only 1 mol-% of Pd.
