70386-27-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Enhanced selectivity for inhibition of analog-sensitive protein kinases through scaffold optimization
Zhang, Chao,Shokat, Kevan M.
, p. 5832 - 5838 (2008/02/03)
The ability to inhibit any protein kinase of interest with a small molecule is enabled by a combination of genetics and chemistry. Genetics is used to modify the active site of a single kinase to render it distinct from all naturally occurring kinases. Next, organic synthesis is used to develop a small molecule, which does not bind to wild-type kinases but is a potent inhibitor of the engineered kinase. This approach, termed chemical genetics, has been used to generate highly potent mutant kinase-specific inhibitors based on a pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold. Here, we asked if the selectivity of the resulting pyrazolopyrimidines could be improved, as they inhibit several wild-type kinases with low-micromolar IC50 values. Our approach to improve the selectivity of allele-specific inhibitors was to explore a second kinase inhibitor scaffold. A series of 6,9-disubstituted purines was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for inhibitory activity against several kinases in vitro and in vivo. Several purines proved to be potent inhibitors against the analog-sensitive kinases and exhibited greater selectivity than the existing pyrazolopyrimidines.
N6,9-Disubstituted Adenines: Potent, Selective Antagonists at the A1 Adenosine Receptor
Thompson, Robert D.,Secunda, Sherrie,Daly, John W.,Olsson, Ray A.
, p. 2877 - 2882 (2007/10/02)
N6-Substituted 9-methyladenines are potent antagonists of the activation of A1 adenosine receptors.The present study assessed the effect of N6 and N-9-substituents on the binding of adenines to the A1 and A2 receptors, respectively, of rat brain cortex and striatum and also on the antagonism of the A2 receptor mediated stimulation of the adenylate cyclase of PC12 cells by N-ethyladenosine-5'-uronamide.The potency ranking of 9-substituted adenines varied directly with the hydrophobicity of the substituent: cyclopentyl > phenyl > tetrahydrofuryl > ethyl > methyl > 2-hydroxyethyl.The 9-substituted adenines showed little selectivity for either receptor and the R enantiomer of N6-(1-phenyl-2-propyl)-9-methyladenine was only 4-fold more potent than the S enantiomer at the A1 receptor.An N6-cyclopentyl substituent increased potency at the A1 receptor and decreased potency at the A2 receptor, resulting in selectivity for the A1 receptor of up to 39-fold.The N6-cyclopentyl group completely overshadowed the effect of the hydrophobicity of the 9-substituent.A 2-chloro substituent did not alter the potency of an N6-substituted 9-methyladenine.
