70974-50-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Dermal penetration enhancement profile of hexamethylenelauramide and its homologues: In vitro versus in vivo behavior of enhancers in the penetration of hydrocortisone
Mirejovsky,Takruri
, p. 1089 - 1093 (2007/10/02)
Several amides of cyclic amines were prepared and tested as penetration enhancers in the diffusion of various drugs through hairless mouse skin in vitro. Hexamethylenelauramide (hexahydro-1-lauroyl-1H-azepine) was selected as a broad spectrum penetration enhancer worthy of further study. Later, the duration of the effect of various enhancers on the penetration barrier in vivo was determined by evaluating the in vitro diffusion of hyrocortisone through skins that had been pretreated in vivo. We found that the longer the pretreatment, the smaller the amount of penetrated hydrocortisone. Furthermore, our results suggested that differences exist in the retention of various enhancers in living mouse skin. The in vitro pretreatment experiments revealed that the penetration through dead skin is slow compared with the penetration through living skin. Neither the nature of the receptor phase, nor the increased temperature of the in vitro experiments, explain the striking differences between the in vivo and the in vitro experiments. Finally, the penetration of hydrocortisone through the stratum corneum in the presence of enhancers, as well as the penetration of 1-dodecylhexahydro-2H-azepin-2-one (laurocapram), hexamethylenelauramide, and oleic acid, were determined using a stratum corneum stripping technique. More hydrocortisone penetrated through the stratum corneum during the first 3 h in the presence of hexamethylenelauramide than in the presence of laurocapram or oleic acid.
Monitored Aminolysis of 3-Acyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thiones: Synthesis of Amides and Amide Alkaloids
Nagao, Yoshimitsu,Seno, Kaoru,Kawabata, Kohji,Miyasaka, Tadao,Takao, Sachiko,Fujita, Eiichi
, p. 2687 - 2699 (2007/10/02)
A functional heterocycle, 3-acyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione has been shown to be effective as an acylating reagent for the amino group.ATT (1) was readily prepared by several methods, and reacted with various amino compounds in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, THF, EtOH, THF-H2O, or sulfolane to afford the corresponding amides, 2a-w and 3-10 in very high yields within a short time.This reagent exhibits high chemo-selectivity.Its reaction with the diamines 13 and 15 and the triamine 29, which include a primary amino group(s) and a secondary amino group, gave the products acylated only at the primary amino group(s), 14, 16, and 30, respectively, in high yields.Aminoalcohols and aminophenols were chemoselectively converted into acylaminoalcohols and acylaminophenols, respectively, by ATT (1).By utilizing this method, several amide alkaloids (26, 28, 30, and 34) were efficiently synthesized.This new aminolysis can be monitored by the disappearance of the yellow color of the starting materials, ATT (1); it is remarkably characteristic of this reaction. Keywords - monitored aminolysis; 3-acyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione; high chemo-selectivity; amide synthesis; fagaramide; dolicotheline; spermidine; maytenine; N-ferulyltryptamine
MONITORED AMINOLYSIS OF 3-ACYLTHIAZOLIDINE-2-THIONE : A NEW CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF AMIDE
Nagao, Yoshimitsu,Seno, Kaoru,Kawabata, Kohji,Miyasaka, Tadayo,Takao, Sachiko,Fujita, Eiichi
, p. 841 - 844 (2007/10/02)
3-Acylthiazolidine-2-thiones (1) were easily prepared and they were treated with several amines in dichloromethane to give amides 4 in very high yields within a short time.Aminoalcohols and aminophenols were selectively converted into acylaminoalcohols and acylaminophenols, respectively, by this reaction.One can monitor the reaction by disappearance of the yellow color of the starting material 1.Some amide alkaloids (15-18) have effectively been synthesized.
