71084-59-8

Upstream product

• 800369-46-4 1-methyl-4-formylamino-2-pyrrolecarbonyl chloride 
• 97950-71-5 3-<1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-4-aminopyrrole-2-carboxamido)pyrrole-2-carboxamido>propionitrile 
• 6576-51-8 distamycin A hydrochloride 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Syntheses of brostallicin starting from distamycin A

Two syntheses of brostallicin, a DNA minor groove binder now undergoing phase II studies, starting from distamycin A are described. One approach is based upon the selective hydrolysis via imide activation of the C-terminus amide. Besides employing traditional solution-phase synthesis, the convenient use of a polymer-supported reagent is also discussed. The other one is based upon the Curtius rearrangement of the C-terminus side chain of a convenient intermediate, easily prepared in two steps by straightforward functional group manipulation of distamycin A.

Novel synthesis of aliphatic nitriles from amidines

Aliphatic nitriles were obtained through functional group transformation of the corresponding unsubstituded aliphatic amidines with penta-atomic anhydrides. The best results were obtained with succinic anhydride.

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF DISTAMYCIN AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF USING 1-METHYL-4-FORMYLAMINO-2-PYRROLECARBONYL CHLORIDE ITERATIVELY AS AN INTERMEDIATE

A process for the total synthesis of Distamycin, and synthetic poly-(4 aminopyrrole -2-carboxamide) congeners thereof, using 1-methyl-4-- forinylamino-2-pyrrolecarbonyl chloride iteratively as an intermediate, is provided. The process finds application for both in solution and solid support synthetic technologies.

Cytotoxic α-Halogenoacrylic Derivatives of Distamycin A and Congeners

The mechanism of action of many antitumor agents involves DNA damage, either by direct binding of the drug to DNA or to DNA-binding proteins. However, most of the DNA-interacting agents have only a limited degree of sequence specificity, which implies that they may hit all the cellular genes. DNA minor groove binders, among which the derivatives of distamycin A play an important role, could provide significant improvement in cancer management, increasing gene specificity, due to high selectivity of interaction with thymine-adenine (TA) rich sequences. We now report and discuss the synthesis, the in vitro and in vivo activities, and some mechanistic features of α-halogenoacrylamido derivatives of distamycin A. The final result of this work was the selection of brostallicin 17 (PNU-166196). Brostallicin, presently in phase II clinical trials, shows a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and an apoptotic effect higher than distamycin derivative tallimustine. An important in vitro toxicological feature of brostallicin is the very good ratio between myelotoxicity on human haematopoietic progenitor cells and cytotoxicity on tumor cells, in comparison with clinically tested DNA minor groove binders. A peculiarity of brostallicin is its in vitro reactivity in the DNA alkylation assays only in the presence of glutathione. Moreover brostallicin's antitumor activity, both in in vitro and in vivo tumor models, is higher in the presence of increased levels of glutathione/glutathione-S-tranferases. These findings contribute to the definition of brostallicin as a novel anticancer agent that differs from other minor groove binders and alkylating agents for both the profile of activity and the mechanism of action and to. classify the α-bromoacrylamido derivatives of distamycin as a new class of cytotoxics. Moreover, due to its interaction with glutathione, brostallicin may have a role for the tailored treatment of tumors characterized by constitutive or therapy-induced overexpression of glutathione/glutathione-S-tranferase levels.

Structure--activity relationships of pyrrole amidine antiviral antibiotics. 1. Modifications of the alkylamidine side chain.

Representatives of three types of side-chain analogues of distamycin A (1) were synthesized. These were tested for cytotoxicity, inhibition of herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication in cultured cells, effects on the synthesis of HSV DNA in isolated nuclei in vitro, as well as on DNA synthesis by purified HSV DNA polymerase. Distamycin A was the most active compound in all three antiviral tests, as well as the most toxic. However, several compounds, in particular the aromatic analogues 15 and 16, showed no toxicity under the experimental conditions used but were still very active in the three antiviral tests.