71558-32-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Low catalyst loadings for copper-catalyzed O-arylation of phenols with aryl and heteroaryl halides under mild conditions
Yong, Fui-Fong,Teo, Yong-Chua,Yan, Yaw-Kai,Chua, Guan-Leong
supporting information; experimental part, p. 101 - 106 (2012/02/03)
A practical and mild strategy has been developed for the cross-coupling of O-arylation of phenol with differently substituted aryl halides and heteroaryl iodides using low catalyst loading of copper iodide under low operating temperature in DMF with TMHD as the ligand and Cs2CO3 as the base. This method tolerates a variety of functional groups including sterically hindered phenols and heteroaryl iodides to afford products in good to excellent yields (up to 95%). Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart. New York.
Tris(polyoxaalkyl)amines (Trident), a New Class of Solid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysts
Soula, Gerard
, p. 3717 - 3721 (2007/10/02)
A new class of solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysts has been prepared.These tris(polyoxaalkyl)amines (I) are designed to obtain the best balance between straightforward synthesis (cheap starting materials), high activity, easy recovery, and low toxicity.The catalysts are synthesized from ethylene glycols by a simple one-step method in yields in the range of 65-81percent.They show high catalytic effects in aliphatic nucleophic substitutions and aromatic nucleophilic substitutions on activated and unactivated molecules.In the Ullman synthesis (a new PTC reaction) there is a synergic effect of anionic activation by tridents and by copper salts.Reactions have been carried out at temperatures up to 180 deg C without evidence of decomposition of the tris(polyoxaalkyl)amines. The behavior and catalytic activity of these catalysts are discussed.
