72229-08-4Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Network topology and cavity confinement-controlled diastereoselectivity in cyclopropanation reactions catalyzed by porphyrin-based MOFs
Epp, Konstantin,Bueken, Bart,Hofmann, Benjamin J.,Cokoja, Mirza,Hemmer, Karina,De Vos, Dirk,Fischer, Roland A.
, p. 6452 - 6459 (2019/11/20)
In this work, we show that the stereoselectivity of a reaction can be controlled by directing groups of substrates, by network topology and by local cavity confinement of metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts. We applied the porphyrin-based PCN-224(Rh), which contains no stereocenters in the cyclopropanation reaction using ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) as carbene source. When styrene and other non-coordinating olefins are used as substrates, high activity, but no diastereoselectivity is observed. Interestingly, conversion of 4-amino- and 4-hydroxystyrene substrates occurs with high diastereomeric ratios (dr) of up to 23 : 1 (trans : cis). We attribute this to local pore confinement effects as a result of substrate coordination to neighboring Rh-centers, which position the olefin with respect to the active site, causing a break of local symmetry of the coordinated substrate. The effect of local pore confinement was improved by using PCN-222(Rh) as catalyst, which is a structural analog of PCN-224(Rh) with characteristic Kagomé topology featuring shorter Rh-Rh distances. A remarkable dr of 42 : 1 (trans : cis) was observed for 4-aminostyrene. In this case, the length of the substrate corresponds to the average distance between two neighboring Rh centers within the pores of PCN-222(Rh), which drastically boosts the diastereoselectivity. This work showcases how diastereomeric control can be achieved by favorable substrate-catalyst interactions and thoughtful adjustment of confined reaction space using porphyrin-based MOFs, in which stereocenters are inherently absent.
Highly Enantioselective Intermolecular Cu(I)-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Cyclic Enol Ethers. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Quebrachamine
Temme, Oliver,Taj, Shabbir-Ali,Andersson, Pher G.
, p. 6007 - 6015 (2007/10/03)
A set of cyclic enol ethers derived from 2,3-dihydrofuran 35 and 3,4-dihydropyran 8 with a varying substitution pattern at the olefinic system were synthesized. Evans's ligand 5 with Cu(I)OTf was found to be an effective catalyst in the cyclopropanation reaction between cyclic enol ethers 14, 19, 28-31, and 33 and ethyl diazoacetate 6 to give diastereoselectivities up to exo/endo = 95:5 and enantioselectivities higher than 95% in nearly all cases. Because of the selective building of a quarternary carbon center and good yields in the formation of bicyclic structures 34c-h, the reaction was used as a key step in the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-quebrachamine 7, an indole alkaloid of the Aspidosperma family. After acid-induced ring opening of bicyclic compound 34f to lactone 40 followed by LiAlH4 reduction to the masked aldehyde 41, a reaction with tryptamine gave intermediate 42. This alcohol was efficiently converted into the indole alkaloid (+)-quebrachamine 7 in an overall yield of 37% starting from the chiral synthon 34f. Moreover it revealed the absolute configuration of the quarternary center of the cyclopropanation product 34f to be S.
EXCEPTIONALLY EFFECTIVE CATALYSIS OF CYCLOPROPANATION REACTIONS BY THE HEXARHODIUM CARBONYL CLUSTER
Doyle, Michael P.,Tamblyn, William H.,Buhro, William E.,Dorow, Roberta L.
, p. 1783 - 1786 (2007/10/02)
Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium exhibits exceptional activity as a cyclopropanation catalyst in reactions between ethyl diazoacetate and alkenes that are remarkably free of competing processes.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Diazo Compounds. 1. Cyclopropanation of Double Bonds
Anciaux, Andre J.,Hubert, Andre J.,Noels, Alfred F.,Petiniot, N.,Teyssie, Philippe
, p. 695 - 702 (2007/10/02)
Rhodium(II) and palladium(II) carboxylates are efficient catalysts for the cyclopropanation of olefins by diazo esters.Intramolecular competitions within diolefins and intermolecular competitions between pairs of monoolefins showed quite different cyclopr
