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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Structure–activity relationship of phytoestrogen analogs as ERα/β agonists with neuroprotective activities

A set of isoflavononid and flavonoid analogs was prepared and evaluated for estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ transactivation and anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) study of naturally occurring phytoestrogens, their metabolites, and related isoflavone analogs revealed the importance of the C-ring of isoflavonoids for ER activity and selectivity. Docking study suggested putative binding modes of daidzein 2 and dehydroequol 8 in the active site of ERα and ERβ, and provided an understanding of the promising activity and selectivity of dehydroequol 8. Among the tested compounds, equol 7 and dehydroequol 8 were the most potent ERα/β agonists with ERβ selectivity and neuroprotective activity. This study provides knowledge on the SAR of isoflavonoids for further development of potent and selective ER agonists with neuroprotective potential.

PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES USEFUL FOR INHIBITING SODIUM/CALCIUM EXCHANGE SYSTEM

Therapeutically active compounds of formula (I) or (II) wherein X is -O-, -CH2- or -C(O)-; Z is -CHR12- or a valence bond; Y is -CH2-, -C(O)-, CH(OR13)-, -O-, -S-; provided that in case Z is a valence bond, Y is not C(O); the dashed line representing an optional double bond in which case Z is -CR12- -and Y is -CH2-, -C(O)- or -CH(OR10)- (in formula II) or -CH- (in formula I); R2 and R3 are independently H, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, -NO2, halogen, -CF3, -OH, benzyloxy or a group of formula (IIIa). R1 is H, CN, halogen, -CONH2, -COOR15, CH2NR15R18, NHC(O)R5, NHCH2R5, NHR20, NR21R22, NHC(NH)NHCH3 or, in case the compound is of formula (II) wherein the optional double bond exists or in case R2 or R3 is benzyloxy or a group of formula (IIIa) or in case the pyridine ring of formula (I) or (II) is attached to the oxygen atom in 3-, 4- or 5-position, R1 can also be -NO2 or NR16R17; R4 is H, -NO2, CN, halogen, -CONH2, -COOR15, -CH2NR15R18, -NR16R17, NHC(O)R5 or -NHC(NH)NHCH3; R5 is alkyl substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino and hydroxy, or carboxyalkyl, in which the alkyl portion is optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, amino and hydroxyl, -CHR6NR,R8 or one of the following groups: formula (IVa), (IVb), (IVc), (IVd), (IVe), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds are potent inhibitors of Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism.