73339-01-2Relevant articles and documents
β-Amino alcohols from anilines and ethylene glycol through heterogeneous Borrowing Hydrogen reaction
Llabres-Campaner, Pedro J.,Ballesteros-Garrido, Rafael,Ballesteros, Rafael,Abarca, Belén
supporting information, p. 5552 - 5561 (2017/08/22)
Borrowing Hydrogen (BH), also called Hydrogen Autotransfer (HA), reaction with neat ethylene glycol represents a key step in the preparation of β-amino alcohols. However, due to the stability of ethylene glycol, mono-activation has rarely been achieved. Herein, a combination of Pd/C and ZnO is reported as heterogeneous catalyst for this BH/HA reaction. This system results in an extremely air and moisture stable, and economic catalyst able to mono-functionalize ethylene glycol in water, without further activation of the diol. In this work, different diols and aromatic amines have been explored affording a new approach towards amino alcohols. This study reveals how the combination of two solid species can afford interesting catalytic properties in heterogeneous phase. ZnO activates ethylene glycol while Pd/C is the responsible of the BH/HA cycle. This catalytic system has also been found useful to dehydrogenate indoles affording indolines that undergo in situ BH/HA cycle prior to re-aromatization, representing a tandem heterogeneous process.
Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular carbene insertion into C(sp3)-H bonds
Solé, Daniel,Mariani, Francesco,Bennasar, M.-Llu?sa,Fernández, Israel
supporting information, p. 6467 - 6470 (2016/06/01)
A palladium-catalyzed carbene insertion into C(sp3)-H bonds leading to pyrrolidines was developed. The coupling reaction can be catalyzed by both Pd0 and PdII, is regioselective, and shows a broad functional group tolerance. This reaction is the first example of palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond assembly starting from diazocarbonyl compounds. DFT calculations revealed that this direct C(sp3)-H bond functionalization reaction involves an unprecedented concerted metalation-deprotonation step. Pd in action: Palladium has been used to catalyze the C(sp3)-H insertion of metal carbenoids derived from α-diazoesters to form pyrrolidines through intramolecular assembly of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. A reaction mechanism involving a metalation-deprotonation step instead of the usual concerted but asynchronous process is proposed.