74124-15-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Dithionite adducts of pyridinium salts: Regioselectivity of formation and mechanisms of decomposition
Carelli, Vincenzo,Liberatore, Felice,Scipione, Luigi,Di Rienzo, Barbara,Tortorella, Silvano
, p. 10331 - 10337 (2007/10/03)
1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy has been used to detect and to characterize the adducts formed, in alkaline solutions, by the attack of dithionite anion on 3-carbamoyl or 3-cyano substituted pyridinium salts. In all studied cases, only 1,4-dihydropyridine-4-sulfinates, formed by attack of dithionite oxyanion on the carbon 4 of pyridinium ring, were found. This absolute regioselectivity seems to suggest a very specific interaction between the pyridinium cation and the dithionite through the formation of a rigidly oriented ion pair, determining the position of attack. In weak alkaline solution, the adducts decompose according to two mechanisms SNi and SNi′: the SNi path is operative in all studied cases and preserves the 1,4-dihydro structure yielding the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines, whereas the SNi′ path involves the shift of 2,3 or 5,6 double bonds yielding 1,2- or 1,6-dihydropyridines, respectively. The formation of 1,2- or 1,6-dihydropyridines, in addition to 1,4-dihydro isomers, depends on their respective thermodynamic stabilities.
HYDROGEN SHIFT IN DIHYDROPYRIDINES
Carelli, Vincenzo,Liberatore, Felice,Tortorella, Silvano,Moracci, Franco Micheletti
, p. 569 - 572 (2007/10/02)
1,6-Dihydropyridines such as 1a,b isomerize in the solid phase to the 1,4-dihydropyridines 2a,b.The conversion, which is favoured by increasing the temperature, is less pronounced in solutions of dimethyl sulphoxide, acetonitrile, or chloroform and does not take place in methanol.
