74285-61-3Relevant articles and documents
Analysis of palmitoyl apo-astaxanthinals, apo-astaxanthinones, and their epoxides by UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS
Weesepoel, Yannick,Gruppen, Harry,De Bruijn, Wouter,Vincken, Jean-Paul
, p. 10254 - 10263 (2015/02/19)
Food products enriched with fatty acid-esterified xanthophylls may result in deviating dietary apo-carotenoids. Therefore, free astaxanthin and its mono- and dipalmitate esters were subjected to two degradation processes in a methanolic model system: light-accelerated autoxidation and hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) bleaching. Reversed phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array with in-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS) was used for assessment of degradation products. Apo-astaxanthinals and -astaxanthinones containing 3 (apo-9) to 10 (apo-8′) conjugated double bonds were found upon autoxidation for all three types of astaxanthin (except free apo-8′-astaxanthinal). Fragmentation of [M + H]+ and [M + Na]+ parent masses of apo-astaxanthins from dipalmitate astaxanthin indicated palmitate esterification. Astaxanthin monopalmitate degradation resulted in a mixture of free and palmitate apo-astaxanthins. HOCl/OCl- rapidly converted the astaxanthins into a mixture of epoxy-apo-9- and epoxy-apo-13-astaxanthinones. The palmitate ester bond was hardly affected by autoxidation, whereas for HOCl/OCl- the ester bond of the apo-astaxanthin palmitoyl esters was degraded.
Synthese von Astaxanthin aus β-Jonon. I. Erschliessung der enantiomeren C15-Wittigsalze durch chemische und mikrobiologische Racematspaltung von (+/-)-3-Acetoxy-4-oxo-β-jonon
Becher, Elisabeth,Albrecht, Robert,Bernhard, Kurt,Leuenberger, Hans G. W.,Mayer, Hans,et al.
, p. 2419 - 2435 (2007/10/02)
Racemic 3-acetoxy-4-oxo-β-ionone (10) was synthesized from the industrially accessible intermediate β-ionone (5).Resolution of 10 into its enantiomers was achieved via the corresponding diastereometric camphanates and by microbial resolution.Site-selective alkylation of racemic and of optically pure 3-acyloxy-4-oxo-β-ionones with vinyl magnesium chloride at -70 deg furnished the corresponding 3-acyloxy-4-oxo-9-vinyl-β-ionols which could be transformed to the Wittig salts 1, 3 and 4, respectively, following known procedures .