74976-39-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Novel Si(II)+and Ge(II)+Compounds as Efficient Catalysts in Organosilicon Chemistry: Siloxane Coupling Reaction ?
Fritz-Langhals, Elke,Kneissl, Sotirios,Piroutek, Phillip,Werge, Sven
, (2020/09/02)
Novel catalytically active cationic Si(II) and Ge(II) compounds were synthesized and isolated in pure form. The Ge(II)+-based compounds proved to be stable against air and moisture and therefore can be handled very easily. All compounds efficiently catalyze the oxidative coupling of hydrosil(ox)anes with aldehydes and ketones as oxidation reagents and simultaneously the reductive ether coupling at very low amounts of 0.01 mol %. Because the catalysts also catalyze the reversible cyclotrimerization of aldehydes, paraldehyde can be used as a convenient source for acetaldehyde in siloxane coupling. It is shown that the reaction is especially suitable to make siloxane copolymers. Moreover, a new fluorine-free weakly coordinating boronate anion, B(SiCl3)4-, was successfully combined with the Si(II) and Ge(II) cations to give the stable catalytically active ion pairs Cp*Si:+B(SiCl3)4-, Cp*Ge:+B(SiCl3)4-, and [Cp(SiMe3)3Ge:+]B(SiCl3)4-.
Reactions of cyclopropylcarbinol in dilute hydrochloric acid
Lee, Choi Chuck,Cessna, Allan J.
, p. 1075 - 1079 (2007/10/02)
The treatment of cyclopropylcarbinol (1-OH) with dilute HCl has been used as a method for the preparation of cyclobutanol (2-OH).While 2-OH is the major product in this reaction, a careful investigation showed the presence of a total of 13 products, namely the alcohols 1-OH, 2-OH, and allylcarbinol (3-OH), cyclopropylcarbinyl, cyclobutyl and allylcarbinyl chlorides (1-Cl, 2-Cl and 3-Cl, respectively), dicyclopropylcarbinyl, cyclobutyl cyclopropylcarbinyl, allycarbinyl cyclopropylcarbinyl, dicyclobutyl and allylcarbinyl cyclobutyl ethers (1-O-1, 2-O-1, 3-O-1, 2-O-2, and 3-O-2, respectively), as well as butyraldehyde and isobutyraldehyde.The alcohols, chlorides, and ethers likely arose from reactions of the bicyclobutonium ion with available nucleophiles in the reaction mixture.The minor amounts of the two aldehydes may be due to a ring opening isomerization of 2-methylcyclopropanol, the latter in turn resulted from a net 1,3-hydride shift in the cyclopropylcarbinyl cation, probably via an edge-protonated cyclopropane-type of species.Treatment of cyclopropylcarbinol (1-OH-α-14C) with dilute HCl gave samples of 1-OH-x-14C, 2-OH-x-14C, and 3-OH-x-14C the degradation of which showed that all three methylene groups in these alcohols have become equivalent, indicating a complete equilibration between isotope-position labeled bicyclobutonium ions.
