7499-16-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic analysis of CNS-active constitutional isomers of valnoctamide and sec-butylpropylacetamide - Amide derivatives of valproic acid
Mawasi, Hafiz,Shekh-Ahmad, Tawfeeq,Finnell, Richard H.,Wlodarczyk, Bogdan J.,Bialer, Meir
, p. 72 - 78 (2015/08/03)
Valnoctamide (VCD) and sec-butylpropylacetamide (SPD) are CNS-active closely related amide derivatives of valproic acid with unique anticonvulsant activity. This study evaluated how small chemical changes affect the pharmacodynamics (PD; anticonvulsant activity and teratogenicity) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of three constitutional isomers of SPD [sec-butylisopropylacetamide (SID) and tert-butylisopropylacetamide (TID)] and of VCD [tert-butylethylacetamide (TED)]. The anticonvulsant activity of SID, TID, and TED was comparatively evaluated in several rodent anticonvulsant models. The PK-PD relationship of SID, TID, and TED was evaluated in rats, and their teratogenicity was evaluated in a mouse strain highly susceptible to teratogen-induced neural tube defects (NTDs). sec-Butylisopropylacetamide and TID have a similar PK profile to SPD which may contribute to their similar anticonvulsant activity. tert-Butylethylacetamide had a better PK profile than VCD (and SPD); however, this did not lead to a superior anticonvulsant activity. sec-Butylisopropylacetamide and TED did not cause NTDs at doses 4-7 times higher than their anticonvulsant ED50 values. In rats, SID, TID (ip), and TED exhibited a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity. However, combined anticonvulsant analysis in mice and rats shows SID as the most potent compound with similar activity to that of SPD, demonstrating that substitution of the isobutyl moiety in the SPD or VCD molecule by tert-butyl as well as a propyl-to-isopropyl replacement in the SPD molecule did not majorly affect the anticonvulsant activity.
Synthesis and evaluation of antiallodynic and anticonvulsant activity of novel amide and urea derivatives of valproic acid analogues
Kaufmann, Dan,Bialer, Meir,Shimshoni, Jakob Avi,Devor, Marshall,Yagen, Boris
experimental part, p. 7236 - 7248 (2010/07/04)
Valproic acid (VPA, 1) is a major broad spectrum antiepileptic and central nervous system drug widely used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine. VPA's clinical use is limited by two severe and lifethreatening side effects, teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity. A number of VPA analogues and their amide, N-methylamide and urea derivatives, were synthesized and evaluated in animal models of neuropathic pain and epilepsy. Among these, two amide and two urea derivatives of 1 showed the highest potency as antineuropathic pain compounds, with ED50 values of 49 and 51 mg/kg for the amides (19 and 20) and 49 and 74 mg/kg for the urea derivatives (29 and 33), respectively. 19, 20, and 29 were equipotent to gabapentin, a leading drug for the treatment of neuropathic pain. These data indicate strong potential for the above-mentioned novel compounds as candidates for future drug development for the treatment of neuropathic pain. 2009 American Chemical Society.
